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Muhammadu Buhari

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Muhammadu Buhari
ɓii aadama
Jinsugorko Taƴto
Ɓii-leydiyankaakuNaajeeriya Taƴto
AllegianceNaajeeriya Taƴto
InditirdeMuhammadu Buhari Taƴto
InndeMuhammadu Taƴto
Innde ɓesnguBuhari Taƴto
Ɗuubi daygo17 Bowte 1942 Taƴto
ƊofordeDaura Taƴto
Date of death13 Morso 2025 Taƴto
Place of deathLondon Taƴto
Dee/goriiwoSafinatu Buhari, Aisha Buhari Taƴto
MarudeZahra Buhari, Fatima Buhari, Halima Buhari Sheriff Taƴto
ƊemngalFulfulde Taƴto
WoldeInngilisjo, Hawsare, Fulfulde Taƴto
Writing languageInngilisjo Taƴto
Sana'ajimilitary personnel, ngaɗoowo siyaasaje, teacher, military officer Taƴto
Janngi toUnited States Army War College, Defence Services Staff College, Mons Officer Cadet School Taƴto
Honorific prefixHis Excellency Taƴto
ResidenceDaura Taƴto
Start of work period1962 Taƴto
End of work period2025 Taƴto
Affiliation stringOffice of the President of Nigeria Taƴto
Member of political partyAPC Taƴto
Candidacy in election2015 Nigerian presidential election, 2019 Nigerian presidential election, 2011 Nigerian presidential election, 2007 Nigerian general election, 2003 Nigerian presidential election Taƴto
LenyolFulani Taƴto
DiinaDiina Lislaama Taƴto
Participant inFII 5th Edition in Riyadh, World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2016 Taƴto
Military, police or special rankmajor general Taƴto
Participated in conflictNigerian Civil War, Chadian–Nigerian War Taƴto
Military branchNigerian Army Taƴto
Memba enNigerian Army Taƴto
Award receivedOrder of the Federal Republic, Grand Cross of the Order of the Pioneers of Liberia, Order of the Nigeria, Order of the Republic of Serbia Taƴto
Laawol ngol laamu anndanihttps://thisisbuhari.com Taƴto
Personal pronounL485 Taƴto
 

Muhammadu Buhari (HeɗtoR 17 Duujal 1942 – 13 Juko 2025) ko seneraal Naajeeriya e siyaasaajo laamɗo leydi Naajeeriya[1] gila 1983 haa 1985, caggal ɗuum o woni hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya cuɓaaɗo e dow demokaraasi gila 2015-2023.[2].

Buhari nasti sooje'en lesdi Naajeeriya ngam haɓugo nder konu lesdi Naajeeriya, hiddeko o yahra yeeso nder laamuuji sooja'en ɓaawo man. Buhari heɓi innde cemmbiɗnde wakkati laamu Shehu Shagari ngam ardungal sooje'en maako nder konu Chad e Nigeria. Buhari laati ardiiɗo ɓaawo kuudetaa lesdi Naajeeriya nder hitaande 1983, ko laarani lesdi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓre. Hay so tawii wonaa hooreejo fedde nde, Buhari wonti hooreejo laamu konu e nder yontaaji caɗeele faggudu luggiɗɗe e njulaagu yaajngu. E wiyde makko, ŋakkeende njuɓɓudi faggudu e ŋakkeende nehdi e les njiimaandi siwil, Buhari ƴettii laawol tiiɗngol e cemmbinngol laamu, e teeŋtinde nehdi, haɓaade fenaande, e moƴƴitingol faggudu rewrude e ko anndiraa hare luulndiinde nehdi (WAI). Sifaa politik doolnuɗo mo o sosi oo, ina wiyee Buharism. Haa ragare, laamu Buhari cemmbiɗɗum e dabareeji faggudu cemmbiɗɗi, waɗi ɓesdaari welwelo nder konu. Ñalnde 27 ut 1985, o liɓaa e kuudetaa laamɗo e gardagol Seneraal Ibraahiima Babangida.

Buhari suɓaama hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya dow laylaytol e ballal lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya fuu (ANPP) nder hitaande 2003 e 2007, nden boo dow laylaytol Kongres ngam waylaare yeeso (CPC) nder hitaande 2011.[3] E lewru Duujal 2014, o yalti e kanndidaa hooreejo leydi[4] lannda All Progressives Congress ngam suɓaade hooreejo leydi 2015.[5] Buhari heɓi nasaraaku suɓol ngol, o fooli hooreejo lesdi jooɗiiɗo lesdi man.[6] Ko ngol woni go’o ko e nder daartol leydi Najeriya, hooreejo leydi ndii ina waasa suɓaade hooreejo leydi ndii. O huniima ñalnde 29 lewru mbooy hitaande 2015. E lewru feebariyee hitaande 2019, Buhari suɓaama kadi, o fooli ƴaañoowo makko ɓurɗo ɓadaade, gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Atiku Abubakar, ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋaaji tati woote.[7][8][9][10]

Nguurndam gadano

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Muhammadu Buhari jibinaa ko ñalnde 17 Duujal hitaande 1942, to Daura, hannde woni to diiwaan Katsina, leydi Najeriya.[11][12] Ko kanko woni ɓiɗɗo Mallam Hardo Adamu, mawɗo fulɓe ummoriiɗo Dumurkul to Mai'Adua e Zulaihat, jogiiɗo iwdi Hausa e Kanuri.[13][14] O inniraa ko ganndo lislaam mo teeminannde jeenayaɓere, hono Muhammadu al-Bukhari.[15] Mawniiko Buhari, Yuusuf, ko mawɗo, o sosi gure keewɗe e nder Daura, ina heen Dumurkul.[16] Baaba Buhari maayi nde o mari duuɓi 4, Waziri Alhassan, ɓii Amiir Daura, Muusa dan Nuhu (laami: 1904-1911),[17][18] wonti gardiiɗo Zulaihat e ɓiɓɓe mum njeegomo, hawtaade e Buhari.[19]

Buhari janngi janngirde Qur’aana, ton o walliti nder ngurka jawdi. O heɓi jaŋde makko leslesre to Daura e Mai'Adua, o heɓi heen seedantaagal makko e hitaande 1953. O naatnaa e duɗal hakkundeewal Katsina (caggal ɗuum o wayli innde makko e duɗal hakkundeewal diiwaan Katsina), ɗo o heɓi jaŋde makko hakkundeere tuggi 1956 haa 1961. E nder dumunna makko jeegom, o woniino hooreejo galle e capboy. E hitaande 1960, o rokkaama bursi e juuɗe Elder Dempster Lines ngam njillu makko e nder leydi Angalteer e nder dumunna daɓɓo.[20]

Buhari yiɗiino jokkude jaŋde safaara ngam wonde doktoor; cuɓal tan e oon sahaa ko janngude Farmasi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Naajeeriya to Zaria, ɗum noon ina ƴetta duuɓi keewɗi. Mamman Daura, ɓiyiiko gorko, wasiyii mo yo o naata e konu leydi Najeriya, o jannga toon jaŋde toownde.[21]

Golle konu

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E hitaande 1962, nde o heɓi duuɓi 19, Buhari jeyaa ko e sukaaɓe 70 cuɓaaɓe ngam naatde e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu leydi Najeriya (NMTC).[22][23] E lewru feebariyee 1964, NMTC ɓeydaama e nder suudu sarɗiiji leydi Naajeeriya, ɓe innitiraa ɗum Akademi Defense Naajeeriya. Tuggi hitaande 1962 haa 1963, Buhari janngi ofiseeji haa janngirde ofiseeji Mons haa Aldershot, lesdi Angalteer.[24] E lewru Yarkomaa 1963, tawi omo yahra e duu6i 20, o yamiraa lietnaa ɗiɗaɓo, o toɗɗaa kadi hooreejo peloton e bataliyoŋ ɗiɗaɓo konu koyɗe to Abeokuta, leydi Nijeer, o naati e kursus komanndaaji peloton to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde heblo konu Nijeer, to Kaduna, to diiwaan Kaduna, tuggi lewru noowammbar193111 1964, o jokki e yahde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu to Borden, to leydi Angalteer.[25]

Tuggi 1965 haa 1967, Buhari woniino hooreejo bataliyoŋ ɗiɗmo konu koyɗe, o toɗɗaa kadi brigade major e sekteer ɗiɗaɓo, division infanterie gadano (abriil 1967 haa sulyee 1967). Caggal kuudetaa leydi Naajeeriya e hitaande 1966, warnoo hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya Ahmadu Bello, Buhari, e wondude e ofiseeji goɗɗi ummoriiɗi Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, tawtoraama kuudetaa mbo leydi Naajeeriya waɗi e lewru juko, ngu riiwti Seneraal Aguiyi Ironsi, lomtii ɗum Seneraal Yakubu Gowon.[26]

Hare nder leydi Naajeeriya

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Winndannde mawnde: Hare nder leydi Najeriya

Buhari halfinaama e Division 1 e les njiimaandi Lietnaa Kolonel Mohammed Shuwa.[27] Diɗɗal ngal ummiima Kaduna haa Makurdi e fuɗɗoode wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Naajeeriya. Diɗɗal 1 ngal feccii ko e sekteeruuji e bataliyoŋaaji, Shuwa ina wallita e komanndaaji sekteeruuji Martin Adamu e Sule Apollo, caggal ɗuum lomtii ɗum ko Teofilus Danjuma.[28] O adii wonde ko Adjutant e Komandaa Kompañi e nder bataliyoŋ 2, Infanterie Secteur Second de la Division 1e. Bataliyoŋ 2 oo ina jeyaa e diwanuuji tawtoraaɗi golle gadane wolde ndee : ɓe puɗɗii ko Gakem sara Afikpo, ɓe njahi feewde Ogoja, e ballal fedde artillerie Gado Nasko.[29] Ɓe njottii ɓe nanngi Ogoja, e anniya yahrude yeeso rewrude e banngeeji ɗii haa Enugu, laamorgo leydi ndii.[30]O woniino Komandaajo bataliyoŋ 2 e nder dumunna juutɗo, o ardii bataliyoŋ oo haa Afikpo ngam hawrude e Komando Marine 3ɓo, o yahra yeeso feewde Enugu rewrude e Nkalagu e Abakaliki. Kono hade makko yahde Enugu, o artiraa to Nsukka, o woniino Biraam Major e Biraam 3ɓo, e gardagol Joshua Gin, caggal ɗuum Isa Bukar lomtii mo.[31]

Buhari jooɗi bee sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya lebbi seɗɗa nde sooja'en lesdi Naajeeriya fuɗɗi waɗugo dabareeji ɗi ɓe janngi diga konu arande'en. E nokkuuji yahrude yeeso ko yaawi, peeje kese ɗee ko jogaade e jogaade laabi jokkondiral e huutoraade gure nanngaaɗe ngam heblude ngam heblude soldateeɓe kesi adduɓe e nokkuuji konu to Abeokuta e Zaria.[31] E hitaande 1968, o artiraa e Sektora 4, ina wiyee kadi sektoraa Awka, kañum halfinaa ƴettude nanngugol Onitsha ummoraade e Division 2. Golle sektoraa oo ko e nder diiwaan Awka-Abagana-Onitsha, ko ɗum huunde himmunde e doole Biafran sabu ko kañum woni nokku mawɗo ɗo nguura heɓetee. Ko e nder sekteer oo fedde Buhari heɓi caɗeele keewɗe ngam etaade reende laawol nguura ngol murtuɓe ɓee njogori reende e maayo Oji e Abagana.[31]

Caggal wolde nde

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Tuggude hitaande 1970 haa 1971, Buhari woniino Birigad Major/Komandant, Birigad 31 Infanterie. Ndeen o wonii balloowo seneraal, gardiiɗo diɗɗal gadanal konu koyɗe, tuggi 1971 haa 1972. O naati kadi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu, to kanton Wellington, to leydi Indiya, e hitaande 1973.[32] Tuggi hitaande 1974 haa 1975 Buhari woni hooreejo kuugal yahdu e yahdu haa suudu konu lesdi Naajeeriya.[33]

E nder kuudetaa konu e hitaande 1975, Lietnaa Kolonel Buhari ina jeyaa e fedde ofiseeji gaddanɗi Seneraal Murtala Mohammed laamu. Caggal ɗuum o toɗɗaa guwerneer diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo[34][35] tuggi 1 ut 1975 haa 3 feebariyee 1976, ngam ƴeewtaade ɓamtaare renndo, faggudu e politik e nder diiwaan hee. Ñalnde 3 feebariyee 1976, Dowla Fuɗnaange-rewo feccii e dowlaaji tati Bauchi, Borno e Gongola.[36][37][38] Buhari nden laati Gomnaajo arandeejo lesdi Borno diga 3 lewru feebariyee 1976 haa 15 mars 1976.[39]

E lewru marse 1976, caggal kuudetaa militeer en 1976, baɗnooɗo warngo Seneraal Murtala Mohammed, cukko makko Seneraal Olusegun Obasanjo wonti hooreejo konu leydi ndii, toɗɗii Kolonel Buhari yo won komisariyaajo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e petroŋ e Natur). E hitaande 1977, nde fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya sosaa, Buhari toɗɗaama hooreejo fedde nde, nde o woni hooreejo fedde nde haa hitaande 1978.[40]

E nder laamu makko Komisariyaa Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam petroŋ e jawdi, laamu nguu waɗii heen ngalu mum ngam waɗde heen tuubakooɓe e gollorɗe desorɗe petroŋ. Laamu nguu mahii fotde 21 nokku ɗo petroŋ woni ɗoo e nder leydi ndii kala, gila Lagos haa Maiduguri, gila Calabar haa Gusau ; njuɓɓudi ndii mahii lowre tuugnorgal jokkondirnde e terminal Bonny e refineeri Port Harcourt e depooji ɗii. Kadi, njuɓɓudi ndii siifondirii e mahngo refineeri to Kaduna e tuugnorgal petroŋ jokkondirngal e nokku petroŋ Escravos e refineeri Warri e refineeri Kaduna potɗo waɗeede oo.[41] E nder laamu makko Komisinaajo Fedde nde ko feewti e petroŋ e jawdi leydi ndii, ina wiyee wonde 2,8 miliyaar dolaar Amerik ina ŋakki e konte fedde petroŋ leydi Naajeeriya (NNPC) to Banki Midlands to leydi Angalteer. Seneraal Ibrahiima Babangida caggal mum ina tuuma Buhari wonde ko kañum waɗi ndee fenaande.[42][43][44] Kono e nder joofnirde ñaawirde yeeyde petroŋ nde ñaawoowo Ayo Irikefe ardii ngam yuurnitaade tuumeede 2,8 miliyaar dolaar (2,8 miliyaar dolaar) e konte NNPC, ñaawirdu nduu yiytaani goonga e tuumeeji ɗii hay so tawii noon teskiima won ŋakkeende e konte NNPC.[45]

Tuggi 1978 haa 1979, o woniino Sekereteer konu to Gardiiɗo konu, o woniino tergal e Diiso Toowngo Konu gila 1978 haa 1979. Tuggi 1979 haa 1980, e darnde kolonel Penn, Buhari (klaas 1980 to Army Warsy US to Warlisle Dowlaaji, e dañde dipolomaaji master e jaŋde strateeji.[46][47] So tawii porogaraam jooɗiiɗo e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde ngal timmiima, duumotooɗo lebbi sappo e porogaraam jaŋde toownde, duuɓi ɗiɗi, duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde konu Amerik (USAWC) rokkata ofiseeji mum dipolomaaji master e nder jaŋde strateeji.[48]

E hitaande 1983, nde konu Caad yani e leydi Naajeeriya e nder diiwaan Borno, Buhari huutoriima konu ngu o ardii nguu ngam riiwtude ɓe e nder leydi ndi, ɓe tacci e nder leydi Caad hay so tawii yamiroore hooreejo leydi ndi hono Shagari rokki ɓe yo ɓe ngurto.[49] Ndeeɗoo haala konu Caad 1983 addani ko ina ɓura 100 neɗɗo maayde e "nanngaaɓe e wolde".[50]

Komandaaji divisions jogaaɗi nder konu leydi Naajeeriya:

Ofisee mawɗo gardinooɗo diɗɗal 4ɓo : lewru ut 1980 – lewru lewru mbooy 1981[51]

Ofisee mawɗo gardinooɗo, diɗɗal 2ɓal konu koyɗe mekaniseeji : lewru Yarkomaa 1981 – lewru Oktoobar 1981[52]

Ofisee mawɗo gardinooɗo diɗɗal 3ɓo: Oktoobar 1981 – Desammbar 1983

Kuudetaa laamu hitaande 1983

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Winndannde mawnde: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1983

Major-General Buhari jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe kuudetaa konu e lewru Duujal 1983, liɓɗo laamu leydi Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru. E sahaa nde kuudetaa oo waɗi, Buhari ko Ofisee Seneral (GOC), Division Armé tataɓo Jos.[53] E njuɓɓudi kuudetaa oo, Tunde Idiagbon toɗɗaa hooreejo konu (de facto No. 2 e nder njuɓɓudi laamu). Kuudetaa oo timminii laamu Naajeeriya ɗiɗaɓuru ngu juutaani, wakkati demokaraasi lanndaaji keewɗi ummitini e hitaande 1979, caggal duuɓi 13 laamu konu.[54]

E wiyde jaaynde wiyeteende The New York Times, ofiseeji ƴettuɗi laamu ɗii mbiyi « demokaraasi mo alaa ko bonnata ɓuri bonde e demokaraasi mo alaa ko woni e mum ». Buhari hollitii wonde militeer en keɓii laamu nguu, o ñaawii laamu siwil nguu, o darnii laamu ngu, o dartinii doosɗe leydi ndii ko yaawi. Dalillaaji goɗɗi ɗi kuudetaa oo waɗi ko ngam feewnude ŋakkeende faggudu e nder leydi Najeriya. E nder jaaynde militeer en adannde caggal kuudetaa, Sani Abacha jokkondirii ‘ardorde nde alaa ko waawi, nde alaa ɗo haaɗi’[55] e ŋakkeende faggudu huuɓtodinnde. E nder konngol Buhari ngol o waɗi ñalnde hitaande hesere, kanko ne o siftinii ko fayti e njuɓɓudi mbonndi e nder leydi ɗiɗaɓiri kono kadi ko kañum woni sabaabu ŋakkeende jikkuuji e nder renndo.[55]

Hooreejo leydi (1983 haa 1985)

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Koolkisagol laamu

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Sifaa ardungal sooja’en kesum—joyaɓal nder Naajeeriya diga ndimu—ina nanndi bee laamu sooja’en cakkitiingu, laamu Obasanjo/Yaradua. Laamu kesu nguu sosi Diiso Toowngo Konu, Diiso doosɗe Fedde nde e Diiso Dowlaaji.[56] Limre ministeeruuji ɗii ustaama haa 18, tawi njuɓɓudi ndii waɗii golle ustude golle hakkunde mawɓe sarwiis siwil e polis. Nde woppi 17 binnditagol duumingol e won e ofiseeji mawɗi polis e laana ndiwoowa. Yanti heen, njuɓɓudi konu kesiri ndii yaltinii sariyaaji kesi ngam yettaade faandaare mum. Ɗeeɗoo sariyaaji ina njeyaa heen kuulal jowitiingal e wuyɓe e balɗe (Kuule keertiiɗe) ngam ñaawde geɗe wuyɓe balɗe, e kuulal kisal dowla (detention de personne), rokki mbaawka militeer en ngam nanngude yimɓe tuumanooɓe bonnude kisal dowla walla saabaade caɗeele faggudu[57]. Dekereeji goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Komisariyaa Sarwisaaji Siwil e Dekereeji Ñaawooɓe, ko ɗum woni tuugnorgal sariya e njuɓɓudi ngam waɗde purge e nder sarwisaaji laamu.[57]

E fawaade e kuulal 2 ngal hitaande 1984, kisal leydi ndii e hooreejo leydi ndii ndokkaama mbaawka nanngude, tawa alaa ko ñaawirtee, yimɓe ɓe nganndu-ɗaa ko kañum en ngoni baasal kisal leydi ndii, fotde lebbi tati.[58] Seppooji e seppooji yimɓe ndartinaama, hukuuma kisal lesdi Naajeeriya, hukuuma kisal lesdi Naajeeriya (NSO) hokkaama bawɗe ɗe meeɗaay waɗugo. NSO waɗii darnde mawnde e haɓaade luulndaare renndo, e hulɓinde, e ustude e uddude yimɓe ɓe mbonni haɗde seppooji. Haa lewru Oktoobar 1984, fotde 200 000 golloowo laamu ndartinaama.[59] Buhari waɗii hare dow nafooje cemmbiɗɗe. E nder lebbi 20 ko o hooreejo leydi, fotde 500 politik, ardiiɓe e jom en jawɗeele en ngoppitaa sabu fenaande e nder laamu makko.[60][61] Nanngaaɓe ɓee njaltinaama caggal nde ɓe njaltini kaalis laamu nguu, ɓe njaɓi heen sarɗiiji. Laamu nguu kadi fawi e kasoo ñiŋooɓe ɗum, haa arti noon e Fela Kuti.[62] O nanngaa ko ñalnde 4 suwee 1984 to laana ndiwoowa nde o woni e yahde njillu to Amerik. Fedde Amnesty International hollitii wonde tuume ɗe o tuumanoo ko e yaltinde kaalis leydi ngoɗndi ko "fewre". Huutoraade mbaawkaaji jaajɗi ɗi kuulal 2 rokki ɗum, laamu nguu ñaawii Fela duuɓi joy kasoo. O woppitaa caggal lebbi 18,[63] nde laamu Buhari yani.

Haala Dikko laati wakkati feere feere nder laamu sooja'en Buhari. Umaru Dikko, gonnooɗo jaagorgal ko feewti e yah-ngartaa e laamu siwil ɓennungu nguu, hono Shagari, dognoowo leydi ndii ko juuti caggal kuudetaa, o tuumaama ko o ƴattoowo miliyaaruuji 1 dolaar njoɓdi petroŋ. E ballal neɗɗo tuumaaɗo wonde golloowo Mossad, NSO rewi e makko haa Londres, ɗo operateer en ummoriiɓe Niiseer e Israayiil ndartini mo, mbari mo. Ɓe mbaɗi mo e nder saak plastik, caggal ɗuum ɓe cuuɗii e nder saak ina winndaa heen « Bagaas Diplomatique ». Faandaare ndeeɗoo golle sirlu ko neldude Dikko to leydi Nijeer e nder laana ndiwoowa Boeing 707, ka alaa ko woni e mum, ngam ñaaweede sabu mum ƴattaade. Feere nde ko ofiseeji laamorgo leydi Angalteer ndartini ɗum.[64]

Laamu Buhari ina wondi e caɗeele jowitiiɗe e baasal 53 valiseeji ɗi anndaaka ko woni e mum en.[65] Valiseeji ɗii ko Emir Gwandu, ɓiyiiko wonnoo aide-de-camp Buhari, nawnoo ɗi, ɗi laɓɓinaama e doosɗe ñalnde 10 lewru nduu hitaande 1984 tawa ɗi ƴeewndaaka e nder diwgol makko gartugol ummoraade Arabi Sawdit.[66]

E hitaande 1984, Buhari yaltini kuulal 4, kuulal reentaade tuumeede fenaande,[67] sariya jaayndeeji doolnuɗi. Taƴre 1 sariya oo hollitii wonde "Kala neɗɗo bayyinoowo e kala mbaadi, so tawii ko binndol walla ko wonaa ɗum, kala mesaas, haala, ciimtol walla haala [...] tawa ko fenaande e nder kala huunde teeŋtunde walla tawa ina addana laamu militeeruuji fedde ndee walla laamu dowla walla golloowo laamu gusense off this shaputilll walla disputilll Dekere".[68] Sariya oo hollitii kadi wonde jaayndiyankooɓe e bayyinooɓe tooñooɓe ɓee maa ñaawe e ñaawirde militeer udditiinde, nde ñaawirdu nduu foti wonde joofnirde, tawa ñaawirdu nduu ina waawi ñaaweede e kala ñaawirde, tawa kadi ko ñaawirdu nduu foti yoɓeede ko famɗi fof 10 000 naira, e ñaawoore kasoo fotde duuɓi ɗiɗi.[69]

Buhari e nder uniforme

Faggudu

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Winndannde mawnde: Buharism

Ngam moƴƴitinugo faggudu, bana hooreejo lesdi, Buhari fuɗɗi nyiɓugo laabi rento-siyaasa e faggudu lesdi, bee gooŋgaaji ngonka faggudu Naajeeriya cemmbiɗɗum.[70] Mahngo ngoo ina waɗi ittude walla taƴde ko ɓuri heewde e ngalu ngenndi, momtude walla ittude haa laaɓa cer, njulaagu e nder renndo ngenndi, waylude ko ɓuri heewde e golle laamu, fayde e golle hoore mum. Buhari kadi hirjinii njulaagu lomto import tuugiiɗo e huutoraade geɗe nokkuuje.[71] Kono noon, tiiɗtinde naatgol leydi ndii addani ustude kaɓirɗe ngam gollorɗe addani gollorɗe keewɗe golloraade ko famɗi fof,[72] ustude gollotooɓe e nder won e nokkuuji uddugol gollorɗe.[73]

Buhari taƴi jokkondiral mum e fedde nde wonaa laamuyankoore (FMI), nde fedde nde ɗaɓɓiri laamu nguu yo ustoy ceede naira fotde 60%. Kono noon, peeje ɗe Buhari ummini e hoore mum ɗee, ina tiiɗi no feewi, walla ko ɓuri ɗum, ko FMI ɗaɓɓi koo.[74][75]

Ñalnde 7 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1984, Buhari hollitii bidsee leydi ndii e hitaande 1984. Bidjet oo ari ko e peeje timmuɗe :

Haɗde ko juuti ƴettude gollotooɓe e nder sekteer laamu fedde nde

Ɓeydude njoɓɗeele riiwa

Haltinde eɓɓaaɗe kapitaal

Haɗde laamuuji dowlaaji ñamlude

15% taƴaama e bidsee Shagari mo hitaande 1983

Reentaade njoɓɗeele naatgol

Ustugol ŋakkeende njoɓdi e taƴde naatgol

Nde rokki kadi teddungal e naatgol kaɓirɗe e geɗe baɗaaɗe ngam ndema e njulaagu.

Peeje faggudu goɗɗe ɗe Buhari ƴetti, ko wayi no njulaagu, waylude kaalis, ustude coggu geɗe e golle. Politik makko faggudu dañaani mo laawɗingol jamaanu sabu ɓeydagol coodguuli geɗe nguura e huutoraade doole konu ngam jokkude ustude politikaaji keewɗi tuumaaɗi e ɓeydagol coggu nguura.[76]

Mobbooji renndo mawɗi

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Winndannde mawnde: Hare ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende nehdi

Ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri duumaade e laamu Buhari, ko wolde ngam haɓaade majjere (WAI). Fuɗɗaama ñalnde 20 marse 1984, politik oo etinooma ƴellitde ŋakkeende nehdi renndo e jojjanɗe renndo leydi Najeriya. Naajeeriya'en ɓe ɗon mari haaje, ɓe ɗon mari haaje waɗugo laylaytol laaɓngol haa nokkuuje mootaaji, les gite sooje'en marɓe fijirde. Gollotooɓe laamu[77] ɓe mbaawaano hollirde waktuuji mum en e golle, ɓe cemmbinaama, ɓe ndokkaama "diwgol paabi". Bonanndeeji tokoosi ina njogii ñaawoore juutnde, yeru, kala almuudo mo duuɓi mum njahrata e 17 nanngaaɗo ina fooɗa ekkol, ina heɓa duuɓi 21 kasoo. Bonanndeeji ɓurɗi teeŋtude ko wayi no fenaande e ustude ina mbaawi addude ñaawoore warngo.[78]

Laamu Buhari waɗii kuule tati ngam wiɗtude njulaagu e ƴellitde kaalis leydi ngoɗndi. Dekere banke (Freezing of Accounts) mo hitaande 1984, rokki laamu militeer fedde ndee mbaawka ustude konte bankeeji yimɓe tuumaaɓe waɗde fenaande. Kuulal ƴettugol jawdi laamu (Tribunal militaire spécial) ina rokki laamu nguu yamiroore ƴeewtaade jawdi liggotooɓe laamu jokkondirɓe e njulaagu, sosde ñaawirde konu ngam ñaawde ɓeeɗoo yimɓe. Dekeree jowitiingal e mbayliigu (Anti-Sabotage) hollitii kuuge wonande tooñooɓe sariyaaji mbayliigu caggal leydi.[79]

Decree 20 dow limngal laanaaji ndiyam e njulaagu dorog ko yeru goɗɗo dow laawol Buhari tiiɗngol ngam haɓugo bee aybeeji.[80] Kuulal 3 (2) (K) hollitii wonde "kala neɗɗo mo alaa baawɗe sariya, ina huutoroo, ina yeeyda, ina ɓuuɓna walla ina foofa ñawu nguu, tawa ina fawee kuulal 6 (3) (K) tooñannge, tawa ina waawi faweede kuugal warngo e dow fenaande." E nder haala Bernard Ogedengebe, Dekere oo huutoraama ko caggal.[81] O waraama hay so tawii e sahaa nde o nanngaa ndee, bonannde ndee yamiraani ñaawoore warngo, kono o waɗiino ñaawoore lebbi jeegom kasoo.[82] E nder haala goɗɗa mawka e lewru abriil 1985, Naajeeriyankooɓe njeegomo ñaawaama warngo e dow yamiroore wootere : Sidikatu Tairi, Sola Oguntayo, Oladele Omosebi, Lasunkanmi Awolola, Jimi Adebayo e Gladys Iyamah.[83]

E hitaande 1985, sabu ŋakkeende faggudu e ɓeydagol bonanndeeji, laamu Buhari udditi keeri (udditaama gila e lewru abriil 1984) hakkunde Benin, Niiseer, Caad e Kameruun ngam yaawnude riiwtude 700 000 koɗdiiɗo e gollotooɓe e nder leydi ndi tawa ko e laawol[84]. Buhari hannde ina anndaa e ooɗoo kiris; wonno hay heege to fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer nde inniraa "El Buhari".[85] Laamu makko heɓi ñiŋooje keewɗe, haa arti noon e Wole Soyinka, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel gadano to leydi Najeriya, mo winndi e hitaande 2007, winndannde ina wiyee "Bonanndeeji Buhari"[86], nde o tuumi Buhari wonde ina ƴeewa bonanndeeji keewɗi e sahaa nde o woni laamɗo konu.

Ko adii wooteeji mawɗi 2015, Buhari jaabtii ƴamɗe maako dow jojjanɗe aadee, o wi'i to o suɓaama, o tokka laawol, nden boo woodi laawol heɓugo kiitaaji ngam yimɓe Naajeeriya fuu e teddungal jojjanɗe aadee Naajeeriya'en.[87]

Kuuɓal laamu hitaande 1985

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Winndannde mawnde: Kuudetaa laamu Nijeer 1985

E lewru ut 1985, Seneraal Buhari fooli laamu e nder kuudetaa mo Seneraal Ibrahim Babangida e woɗɓe terɗe fedde toppitiinde konu laamu (SMC) ardii.[88] Babangida waddi ɗuuɗɓe nder yimɓe ɓurduɓe ƴamɗe Buhari nder laamu maako, hawtaade e miñiiko Fela Kuti, Olikoye Ransome-Kuti, doktoor ardinooɗo seppo Buhari ngam salaade ustaare kuuɗe cellal. Ndeen Buhari ina jokki e nder wuro Benin haa hitaande 1988.[89]

Ko adii laamu (1985-2015)

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Nanngugol

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Buhari waɗi duuɓi tati e nder kasoo e nder suudu tokoosru gardiiɗo e nder wuro Benin.[90] O heɓi teleeji kollitooji laabi ɗiɗi e terɗe galle makko ina njaɓa yillaade mo e dow yamiroore Babangida.[91]

Nguurndam siwil en

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E lewru desaambar 1988, caggal maayde yumma makko o woppitaa, o arti e hoɗorde makko to Daura. Nde o woni e kasoo ndee, ko banndiraaɓe makko njuɓɓinta ngesa makko. O seerti e debbo makko gadano e hitaande 1988, o resi Aisha Halilu. To Katsina, o wonti hooreejo arano fedde Katsina nde sosaa ngam semmbinde ƴellitaare renndo e faggudu e nder diiwaan Katsina.[92]

Buhari laati hooreejo hukuumaaji pamari (PTF), hukuumaaji ɗi laamu Seneraal Sani Abacha sosi, ɗi ɗon hokka ceede ko hewti ceede ko ɓesdaari ceede petroleum, ngam jokkugo kuuɗe ɓamtaare nder lesdi ndi'i. Rajo 1998 nder New African manti PTF e les Buhari ngam laaɓal maako, o wi'i ɗum "taariiha nasaraaku" ko seɗɗa.[93] Nde Buhari woni hooreejo fedde pétroleum trust Fund (PTF), ƴamooɓe lefol ngol ina naamnoo wonde PTF ina rokka 20% e jawdi mum e militeer en, tawi ɓe kulii wonde ɗum waawataa limteede e ngalu nguu.[94][95]

O limti nder hitaande 2001 o wi'i, "Mi ɗon jokki hollugo nder peewal e nder am, darnde am timmunde ngam hukuumaaji pamari ɗi ɗon ƴaɓɓoo nder lesdi Naajeeriya fuu", nden o ɓesdi wi'ugo: "To Allah yiɗi, min ɗon haɗa agitaasiyoŋ ngam huuwugo kuugal sharia nder leydi ndi'i fuu."[96][97] allegations Islamist he had8ni. Ñalnde 6 lewru Yarkomaa 2015, Buhari wiyi: "Sabu ɓe mbaawaa ƴattaade binndanɗe amen, ɓe tuuma kam e fenaande e jingoism leñol; ɓe tuuma kam e fenaande e fundamentalism diine. Ngam ɓe mbaawaa ƴattaade binndanɗe amen, ɓe tuuma min e fenaande e noddude fitinaaji wooteeji – nde min njooɗii tan ko e ne peaad State Shari’a.”[98]

E hitaande 2012, innde Buhari naati nder doggol yimɓe ɓe Boko Haram hooli ngam ɓe ndarna hakkunde fedde nde e laamu lesdi.[99] Kono Buhari saliima no feewi, salii waɗde hakkunde laamu nguu e Boko Haram. E hitaande 2013, Muhammadu Buhari waɗi haalaaji ɗuuɗɗi, nde o ƴami laamu lesdi ndi'i ngam o darna wartugo yimɓe Boko Haram, nden o wi'i ummaatoore hukuumaaji rento ɗon mari haaje ɗuuɗal hukuumaaji lesdi Naajeeriya haa lesdi Naajeeriya. Buhari hollitii[100] wonde "ko woni sabaabu ngonka kisal e nder leydi ndi ko golle jom en jawɗeele en [...] Hooreejo leydi Nijeer fuɗɗii ɗum fof".[101] O naamndii kadi ko fayti e njuɓɓudi keeriindi ndi ina jeyaa heen fotde 500 miliyoŋ dolaar hitaande kala yoɓeteendi e 30 000 militeer e nder porogaraam yaafuya gila 2013[102] e laamu fedde ndee, o mettini heen no feewi nde terɗe Boko Haram mbaraa, galleeji mum en mbonni.

Kampaañuuji e woote hooreleydaagu

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Woote hooreleydaagu 2003

E hitaande 2003, Buhari suɓaama ngam suɓugo hooreejo lesdi[103] bana kanndidaajo lanyol yimɓe lesdi Naajeeriya fuu (ANPP). O fooli hooreejo leydi ndi, hono Olusẹgun Ọbasanjọ, ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji 11 woote.[104]

Woote hooreleydaagu 2007

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Ñalnde 18 lewru Duujal hitaande 2006, Buhari suɓaama ngam won'de kanndidaa kawral e lannda yimɓe Naajeeriya fuu. Ko ɓuri heewde e luulndiiɓe makko e wooteeji abriil 2007 ko kanndidaa PDP laamu nguu, hono Umaru Yar'Adua, ummoriiɗo e diiwaan Katsina gooto. Buhari hoosi 18% nder wooteeji ɗi Yar'Adua heɓi 70%, ammaa Buhari sali ɗi'i limngal.[105] Caggal nde Yar'Adua heɓi laamu, o noddi laamu ngootaagu ngenndi ngam addude terɗe luulndo mettuɗe. ANPP naati e laamu nguu e toɗɗagol hooreejo mum ngenndiijo ngam wonde tergal e kabine Yar'Adua, kono Buhari ñiŋii ngal nanondiral.[106]

Woote hooreleydaagu 2011

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E lewru marse 2010, Buhari yalti lannda ANPP, o naati e lannda Kongres ngam Waylo-waylo (CPC), lannda mo o walli sosde. O wiyi o wallitoriima sosde CPC "hono feere ngam haɓaade luural cemmbinngal, etikaaji e miijooji e nder lannda am gonnooɗo ANPP".[107]

Buhari woni kanndidaajo hooreejo lesdi CPC nder suɓol 2011, o ɗon nodda ardiiɗo lesdi Goodluck Jonathan mo lanyol lesdi Naajeeriya (PDP), Mallam Nuhu Ribadu mo lanyol lesdi Naajeeriya (ACN), e Ibraahiima Shekarau mo lanyol ANPP. Ko kamɓe ngoni ɓurɓe waawde haɓaade e nder kanndidaaji 20.[108] Buhari waɗi kampaañ mum e dow laylaytol haɓaade fenaande, o fotnoo ko ittude reentaare immunity e dow ardiiɓe laamu. O hokki kadi ballal ngam tabitinki kiitaaji sharia nder jihaaji woyla lesdi Naajeeriya, ko adii ɗum ko ɗum addani mo caɗeele politik hakkunde suɓooɓe Kirista'en nder fombina leydi ndi'i.[109]

Suɓol ngol waɗii fitinaaji mawɗi hakkunde diinaaji, ɗi 800 neɗɗo maayi e nder leydi ndi, nde tawnoo wallidiiɓe Buhari njani e gure Kerecee’en e nder diiwaan caka leydi ndi.[110] Fitinaaji balɗe tati ɗii, ko huunde nde Buhari haali ko ina ɓuuɓna.[111] Ko wonaa jamirooje ummoraade e Human Rights Watch, ñaawoowo woote ɗee "ina jeyaa e ɓurɗe nuunɗude e daartol leydi Najeriya", Buhari wiyi wonde woote ɗee ina ŋakki, o jeertinii[112] wonde "so ko waɗi e hitaande 2011 ina foti waɗde kadi e hitaande 2015, e dow moƴƴere Alla, baboon fof maa won dogdu e ƴiiƴam".[113][114]

Buhari heddii ko "jaambaaro leñol" wonande won e yimɓe ngam salaade fenaande.[115] O heɓi 12 214 853 woote, o woni ɗiɗaɓo caggal Jonathan, mo heɓi 22 495 187 woote, o anndinaama o heɓi.[116]

Woote hooreleydaagu 2015

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Winndannde mawnde: Suɓol mawngol leydi Najeriya 2015

Buhari dogginaama nder suɓol hooreejo lesdi nder hitaande 2015 bana kanndidaajo lanyol Kongres. Platform makko mahiraa ko e natal makko no haɓantooɗo fenaande tiiɗnde e innde makko nde fenaande e nuunɗal, kono o wiyi o ƴeewtataa ardiiɓe fenaande ɓennuɓe, o rokkataa ardiiɓe wujjuɓe e fenaande ɓennunde so ɓe tuubnii.[117]

E nder doggol wooteeji 2015, kampaañ Jonathan ɗaɓɓiri yo Buhari woppu wooteeji ɗii, o wiyi o mbo rewi e doosɗe leydi ndii.[118] E wiyde winndannde teskinnde ndee, ngam waawde suɓaade hooreejo leydi, neɗɗo ina foti « jaŋngude ko famɗi fof tolno seedantaagal Duɗal walla ko nanndi heen ». Buhari waawaano hokkude hay hujja gooto, o wiyi o majjini koppiiji dipolomaaji makko asliiji nde galle makko yani caggal nde o fooli laamu e hitaande 1985.[119]

E lewru mee 2014, caggal nde sukaaɓe rewɓe janngooɓe Chibok mbaraa, Buhari ñiŋii no feewi fitinaaji Boko Haram. O "eeri Naajeeriya'en ngam ɓe ndarna diina, siyaasaaku e kala senngooji goɗɗi ngam ɓe ɗon ƴama fitinaaji ɗi o wi'i ɗi ɗon ƴama yimɓe ɓe ngalaa hakkiilo, ɓe ɗon ƴama juulɓe".[120] E lewru juko hitaande 2014, Buhari daɗii e bommbooji ɗi Boko Haram waɗi e nguurndam mum to Kaduna ; 82 neɗɗo mbaraama heen.[121] E lewru Duujal hitaande 2014, Buhari fodani ɓesdugo kisal nder leydi Naajeeriya to o suɓaama hooreejo lesdi.[122] Caggal ngolɗoo bayyinaango, jaɓgol Buhari ɓeydiima no feewi, ko ɓuri heewde ko sabu Jonathan ina nanndi e waasde waawde haɓaade Boko Haram. Buhari waɗi kisal nder leydi e momtude fedde nde, ko huunde e geɗe teeŋtuɗe e nder kampaañ makko. E lewru Yarkomaa 2015, fedde wiyeteende "Mouvement pour l'émancipation du delta du Niger" (MEND) jaɓi Buhari.[123]

E lewru feebariyee 2015, hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya ɓooyɗo, hono Olusegun Obasanjo, yalti e lannda PDP, o jaɓi Buhari.[124]

Ñalnde 31 mars, Jonathan noddi Buhari ngam jaɓde e jaarnaade mo e suɓagol makko hooreejo leydi.[125] Buhari hunnaama ñalnde 29 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2015 e nder kewu ngu ko famɗi fof 23 hooreejo leydi e laamu tawtoraama.[126]

Udditgol ɗiɗaɓol

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Inauguration ɗiɗaɓo Buhari bana hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya 15ɓo, e hooreejo lesdi 4ɓo nder lesdi Naajeeriya nayaɓre waɗii nyande Alarba, 29 May 2019, ɓaawo suɓol hooreejo lesdi Naajeeriya 2019 e maande fuɗɗam manndaa ɗiɗaɓo e ragare duuɓi nayi ɗi Muhammadu Buhari vijo hooreejo lesdi e Ye11.[127] Ko ngol woni go’o ko ngol woni go’o ko hooreejo leydi Najeriya, e 6ɓo e nder leydi Najeriya.[128][129]

Juulde hunnde laamu nguu waɗi ko to nokku biyeteeɗo Eagle Square to Abuja, laamorgo leydi ndii. Ardiiɗo kiitaaji joonde diidaaɗi lesdi Tanko Muhammad waɗi hunnde hooreejo lesdi Buhari e cukko hooreejo lesdi Yemi Osinbajo. Haala udditgol aadaaji ka waɗaaka.[130]

Hooreejo leydi (2015-2023)

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Kabaruuji goɗɗi: Hooreejo leydi Muhammadu Buhari

Faggudu nduu ina yahra e 0,9% gila e laamu nguu, e hitaande 2020, ŋakkeende golle ina tolnoo e 23%, tawi miliyoŋaaji ina naata e baasal.[131] Gila hitaande 2015, Buhari majjii wallitooɓe sabu neɗɗaagu makko ngu o yi’ata ngu alaa semmbe e ƴettude kuule ɗe o miijii.[132]

Ngaska

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Wasiya'en Buhari mawɓe ɗon mari: ɓiɗɗo mawniiko'en Mamman Daura, jom filu Ismaila Isa Funtua, ardiiɗo siyaasaaku Baba Gana Kingibe, Abba Kyari hooreejo kuuɗe hooreejo lesdi; e gila e daawal cakkitiingal manndaa makko gadano, Boss Mustapha Sekereteer laamu Fedde nde.[133] Doole kabine makko cooyngal caggal nde o heɓi laamu ɗiɗaɓuru, Buhari hollitii ɓural makko e terɗe kabine ɗaɓɓooɓe batuuji walla diisnondiral ngam ardude e ɗeen ɗaɓɓaande rewrude e hooreejo gollordu walla rewrude e binndoowo laamu.[134]

Gila e Republique nayaɓere, golle jaagorɗe ina ɗaɓɓi e sariya wonde ina njogii mbaadi etno-demokaraasi fedde nde, tawa ina waɗi jaagorde lomto kala dowla fedde nde. Gagga mum ko batte miijooji politik ko huunde himmunde e toɗɗagol jaagorɗe ngam wonde ardiiɓe lanndaaji nokkuuji ɗi ngalaa jotondiral ngam heɓde golle kabine.[135] Nominaasiyoŋ nder kabine Buhari ɗon mari bawɗe dow ɗi'i miijooji siyaasaaku e boo ɓadaaki hooreejo lesdi e kabine maako nder.[136]

E lewru ut 2019, hooreejo leydi ndi innitiri kabine mum ko ɓuri heewde e terɗe worɓe tawi duuɓi mum en ko 60, tawi ko gollotooɓe politik walla ɓadtiiɓe hooreejo leydi ndi ɓuri heewde heen.[137] Kabinee oo ina waɗi guwerneeruuji ɗiɗo alɗuɓe ummoriiɓe to Delta Niger, Timipre Sylva e Godswill Akpabio ɓe ngonnoo ko e fuɗɗoode lannda luulndo PDP e jaagorɗe sappo e nayo keɓtinaaɗe ɗe won heen ñaawooɓe mbiyata ko ɓe mbaɗaani golle moƴƴe walla ɓe njokkondirii e hooreejo leydi ɓennuɗo bonɗo.[138]

Jam baandu

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E lewru mee 2016, Buhari woppii njillu mum balɗe ɗiɗi to Lagos ngam udditde eɓɓooji e nder diiwaan hee kono o lomtii ɗum ko cukko hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Yemi Osinbajo, caggal nde o holliti "ñawu noppi" ngu tuumaama ko ñawu Ménière.[139] Ñalnde 6 lewru nduu, Buhari yahi leydi Angalteer ngam ɗaɓɓude safaara.[140][141] Ɗum waɗi balɗe seeɗa caggal nde kaaldiiɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Femi Adesina, wiyi wonde Buhari ina "fotnoo fiɗtaandu" e "hale e ɓernde", ɗum noon ko mettere mawnde e ñiŋooje ummoraade e annduɓe politik e almudɓe mum.[142][143][144] E lewru feebariyee 2017, caggal ko siforaa ko "ƴeewndo safaara kuuɓtodinngo" to leydi Angalteer,[145] Buhari ɗaɓɓiri parlemaa yo ɓeydu balɗe safaara mum ngam faddaade njeñtudi ƴeewndo.[146] Biro makko rokkaani heen humpitooji goɗɗi ko fayti e ngonka cellal makko, walla ñalngu ngu o foti artude.[147] Ñalnde 8 lewru feebariyee, hooreejo leydi Buhari e hoore mum siifondiri ɓataake feewde e hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya ngam jeertinde ɗum ɓeydugol balɗe makko hitaande kala, o acci cukko hooreejo leydi makko e dow ballal.[148][149][150] Ɓaawo o wala balɗe 51 haa laamu, Ardiido Buhari hooti lesdi Naajeeriya. O ari ko e laana ndiwoowa Kaduna subaka ñalnde 10 marse.[151][152][153] Hay so tawii humpitooji ina pamɗi e nder dumunna mo o woni to Londres, o naatnaa e fotooje ñalnde 9 marse omo hawra e diine ɓurɗo mawnude e nder dental Angalteer, hono Arɗo diineeji Canterbury biyeteeɗo Justin Welby.[154][155] Cukko hooreejo leydi ndi, Yemi Osibanjo, woni hooreejo leydi ndi, tawi hooreejo leydi ndi ina jokki e cellal mum to Abuja.[156] Hooreejo leydi ndii ina ŋakki e jeewte mawɗe e nder laamuuji e nder renndo, ko ina wona lebbi ɗiɗi tan caggal nde o arti e laamu ummoraade Angalteer. E nder haala cakkitiika kaa, o tawtoraaka batu Diisnondiral Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (FEC), kewu ñalngu golloowo yuɓɓinaangu to Eagle Square to Abuja ñalnde 15 mee 2017.[157][158][159] Miijooji ko faati e cellal hooreejo leydi ndii ina cirƴa e nder renndo ngo e nder balɗe garooje caggal nde hooreejo leydi ndii Buhari yiɗi "gollaade e galle".[160] Woɓɓe nder yimɓe mawɓe lesdi Naajeeriya ɗon ƴama hooreejo lesdi man ngam o hoosa balɗe juutɗe ngam nyawdugo,[161][162] ɓe ɗon holla o ɗon mari bawɗe waɗugo limngal yimɓe nder asaweeje ɗiɗi.[163][164]

Hooreejo leydi Buhari kadi ummii leydi Naajeeriya ngam ƴeewde cellal mum to London ñalnde 7 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2017.[165] Hooreejo leydi Buhari warti lesdi Naajeeriya diga siwtaare maako haa lesdi Biritaniya balɗe 104 ɓaawo o dilli, nyande 19 lewru Ogost 2017.[166][167] Ñalnde 8 lewru nduu, Buhari ummiima leydi Naajeeriya fayde London ngam ƴeewndaade cellal mum, nde o arti e USA ; e o arti ñalnde alet 11 lewru mbooy hitaande 2018.[168]

Faggudu

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Buhari wonnoo ko suɓngo welngo wonande Naajeeriyankooɓe heewɓe sabu jikku mo o yi’ata mo bonnataa.[169] Nde Buhari heɓi laamu, mo meeɗiino mooftude ballal mum e wooteeji tati ɓennuɗi ɗii, o leeltinii hollirde anniya makko ngam safrude caɗeele ɗe o haali e nder kampaañ makko. Pellital fuɗɗoraade ajendaaji makko politik nder leydi hono innde ardiiɓe kabine ƴetti lebbi jeegom,[170] tawi noon ƴettugol bidsee 2016 e 2017 ina leeltini sabu hareeji nder leydi.

E hitaande arandeere nde Buhari ardi, Naajeeriya heɓi ustaare coggu ngu, ɗum waɗi ustaare faggudu.[171] Ngam heɓugo ceede ngam ustugo soynde ceede ngam heɓugo ceede ngam ɓesdugo budget kapitaal, Buhari yahi haa lesɗe 20 ngam ɗaɓɓitugo ceede.[15 Ndeen noon, dokkal bidsee yaajde ngam wallitde gollorɗe ɗee, artiraa e ñalngu goɗɗo.[155]

E hitaande adannde laamu nguu, Naira, kaalis leydi Najeriya, ustii e nder luumo ɓaleejo, ɗum addani luural hakkunde njulaagu laamu nguu e njulaagu ɓaleejo.[156] Ko ɗum waɗi ŋakkeende kaalis leydi ndii, yanii e njulaagu keewngu haa arti noon e yeeyooɓe petroŋ. Kono noon, luural hakkunde tolnooji laamu e tolnooji luumo ɓaleejo udditii fartaŋŋe wonande yimɓe jokkondirɓe no feewi ngam waɗde arbitraas, waɗde ko ina ƴattoo natal hooreejo leydi ndii ngam haɓaade fenaande.[157] E lewru mee 2016, laamu nguu hollitii ɓeydagol coggu pompe petroŋ laawɗuɗo ngam ustude ŋakkeende kaalis sabu ŋakkeende kaalis caggal leydi.[158]

E hitaande 2016, faggudu leydi ndii ustiima fotde 1,6% e hitaande 2017, ɓeydagol faggudu leydi ndii ina ɗaminaa maa won ko famɗi. Laamu Buhari gadano e laamu nguu hawri ko e ustaare coggu petroŋ nannduɗo e laamu makko ɗiɗaɓuru kono laamu makko hollirtaa darnde tiiɗnde ngam feewnude jolɗe laamu.[157] Bidjet 2018 hollitii politik fiskaal yaajɗo e kaalis baɗaaɗo e eɓɓooji njuɓɓudi ko wayi no laabi strateeji, ponte e jolngooji.[159]

Gila ɓeydagol faggudu ummoraade e ustaare 2016, ƴellitaare leelnde ina addana leydi ndii caggal hoɗdiiɓe mum heewɓe e duunde he e ɓeydagol PIB. Toɓɓe ŋakkeende golle ina keddii e toowde e kala golle ngam ɓeydude ngalu ngu wonaa petroŋ moƴƴaani tawa ngalu laamu nguu ina waɗi heen geɗal mawngal e bidsee mum hitaande kala ko yowitii e ñamaale sarwisaaji.[160]

Buhari e ballal hooreejo Banki Cakaari fuɗɗi dabareeji ngam ɓesdugo kuuɗe ndemri bee nanta lobbingo bankiiji feere-feere ngam hokkugo ceede ko hewti ceede lesdi ndi'i e limngal laamu ngam nastinugo kuuje nyamdu ɗe ndema nder lesdi ndi'i. E manndaa makko ɗiɗaɓo, jaagorde bidsee, Udo Udoma e jaagorgal njulaagu, Enemalah, kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njiɗi ko rimɗinde, ɓe ngartiraaka.[120]

Laamu nguu jokki e golloraade mbayliigu nguu e nder manndaa ɗiɗaɓo laamu nguu hay so tawii noon ko ƴaañooɓe ɓee mbiyata ko mbayliigu nguu ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona arbitrage abuses e round-tripping e juuɗe cronies laamu nguu.[160]

Wellitaare renndo

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E hitaande 2016, Buhari udditi porogaram ngenndiijo ngam wallitde renndo, porogaraam ngenndiijo ngam wellitaare renndo.[161] Porogaram oo sosaa ko ngam waawde feccude jawdi ndii e nder renndo ngo, tawa ina jeyaa heen sukaaɓe, sukaaɓe, e rewɓe. Wonno ko porogaraamuuji nay baɗɗi faayiida ngam haɓaade baasal, ŋakkeende golle e wallitde ɓeydude ƴellitaare faggudu:[162]

Taskaram N-Power hokki sukaaɓe Naajeeriya'en janngirde kuuɗe e janngirde, nden boo hokki ɓe ceede lewru fuu ko yotti 30,000 Naira Naajeeriya (83.33 Dollars Amerika).

Npower ko taskaramji limngal rento ɗi hooreejo lesdi Muhammadu Buhari fuɗɗi nyande 8 lewru Juko hitaande 2016 ngam ɓesdugo kuuɗe sukaaɓe. Eɓɓaande ndee sosaa ko e mbaadi kuuɓtodinndi e porogaraam ngenndiijo (Investissement Social Social) ngam ustude heblo keɓgol karallaagal e mahngo mbaawkaaji e nder naftortooɓe.

Porogaraam (Conditional Cash Transfer Program) (CCTP) ina wallita no feewi e ɓurɓe waasde, e rokkude kaalis wonande ɓeen wonɓe e fedde ɓurnde famɗude ngalu, wallitde ustude baasal, moƴƴinde nguura e jogaade hoore mum, e wallitde ƴellitaare e ɓeydude ñaamde.[163]

Porogaraam gollordu e doole laamu (GEEP) ko porogaram gollordu njulaagu (micro-lending) jowitiingu e remooɓe, yeeyooɓe tokosɓe e rewɓe luumooji tawa ina njogii fotde. Ndee ɗoo taskaram hokki nyamaande nde walaa ceede ngam heɓugo nafuuda, walliti ngam ustugo ceede fuɗɗam kuuɗe filu nder lesdi Naajeeriya. Porogaraamuuji ɗii ko : Moni njulaagu, Moni luumo e Moni remoowo.

Porogaraam ngenndiijo ñamri duɗe (NHGSF) etinooma ɓeydude binnditagol duɗe ɗee e rokkude sukaaɓe duɗe ɗee ñaamdu tawa ko e njoɓdi, haa teeŋti noon e wonɓe e diiwanuuji baasal e ɗi ngalaa nguura. Porogaraam oo golliima e remooɓe nokkuuji ɗii, fawaade e semmbinde rewɓe e nder coodguuli, mahde renndo ngoo e jokkude ƴellitaare faggudu gila e ndema haa e taabal.

Ko adii fof, porogaraam oo ina yuɓɓinee gila e biro cukko hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Yemi Osinbajo, haa hitaande 2019, nde porogaraam oo artiraa e ministeer keso oo, ko feewti e neɗɗankaagal, njuɓɓudi musiiba e ƴellitaare renndo, e gardagol Sadiya Umar Farouq. E nder konngol makko ñalnde jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 2019, hooreejo leydi ndii hollitii wonde dille ɗee ina poti waɗde porogaraamuuji ɗii e nder juɓɓule.[164]

Haɓde e fenaande

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Winndannde mawnde: Hare Buhari ngam haɓaade fenaande

Nafoore balmi nde 2 miliyaar dolaar feeñninaama ɓaawo ciimtol cakkitiingol goomu wiɗitaaki Buhari dow sooduki balmi les laamu Goodluck Jonathan. Ciimtol goomu nguu hollitii njoɓdi ɓeydaandi e bidsee ko ina tolnoo e miliyaaruuji N643,8 e ɓeydagol njoɓdi fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar e nder feccere kaalis leydi ngoɗndi e les njiimaandi Goodluck Jonathan. Wiɗtooji gadani kollitii wonde fotde miliyaaruuji ɗiɗi dolaar ina waawi yoɓeede ngam soodde kaɓirɗe ngam haɓaade fedde Boko Haram to leydi Najeriya. Ciimtol wiɗto ngol hollitii wonde fotde miliyaaruuji 2,2 dolaar ina yoɓaa e biro jaagorgal ko feewti e kisal ngenndiwal e nder soodgol kaɓirɗe ngam haɓaade njiyaagu, kono ɗum yoɓaaka e faandaare nde kaalis oo yoɓaa. Wiɗtooji dow ngal nanondiral ngal rewaani laawol, waɗii nannguki Sambo Dasuki, gonnooɗo jaagorgal ko feewti e kisal leydi ndii, caggal ɗuum o siftini yimɓe mawɓe Naajeeriya wonɓe e nanondiral ngal. Ɓeen limtaaɓe e nanngaaɓe ina jeyaa heen Raymond Dokpesi, hooreejo fedde DAAR Communications Plc, Attahiru Bafarawa, gonnooɗo guwerneer diiwaan Sokoto, e Bashir Yuguda, gonnooɗo jaagorgal leydi ndii, hono Alex, Azubuike Ihejirika, hooreejo konu Air Chief Nunasude, Attahiru the Nunasude Badeh e politikaaji keewɗi goɗɗi cifaama.[165]

Ñalnde 21 lewru Duujal hitaande 2016, ministeer kaalis laamu nguu hollitii wonde ina jogori waɗde politik njulaagu nguu, tawi njoɓdi mum ko 2,5%–5%.[166] Faandaare ndee wonnoo ko heɓde humpitooji walla humpitooji jowitiiɗi e : ŋakkeende kuule kaalis, ŋakkeende njuɓɓudi kaalis e jawdi laamu, ŋakkeende kaalis, fenaande, e gujjugol.[167]

E lewru suwee 2016, hooreejo leydi Buhari naati e ƴattooje mawɗe caggal nde ciimtol jaaynde tawi omo huutoroo konngol ngol o huutorii ngol, e nder udditgol kampaañ ngam ƴellitde ngenndi ndii, tawi ina wiyee « Waylo fuɗɗotoo ko e am ». Haala kaa caggal mum tawaama ina ittaa e haala gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi Amerik e hitaande 2009, hono Barak Obama.[168][169] Hooreejo leydi ndi caggal mum yaafnii, o wiyi wonde fenaande ndee ko "gollotooɓe ɓurɓe yaawde" ngaddi ɗum, "ɓeen waɗɓe heen ɓee" maa ñaawee.[170][171] Kono, yontere wootere caggal ɗuum, cukko hooreejo e nder suudu sarɗiiji jokkondirɗo e haala kaa, artiraa e golle mum, hooreejo leydi ndi hollitii wonde o ƴettii peeje ngam haɗde ɗum waɗde ko wayi nii, e huutoraade kuutorɗe dijital ngam yiytude fenaande.[172]

E lewru mee 2018, Komitiiru Faggudu e Kaalis (EFCC), fedde haɓantoonde njulaagu e nder leydi Najeriya, hollitii wonde 603 neɗɗo Naajeeriya ñaawaama sabu njulaagu gila Buhari heɓi laamu e hitaande 2015.[173] EFCC anndini kadi ko adii fof e nder daartol leydi Naajeeriya, ñaawooɓe e mawɓe konu ina heen mawɓe sarwisaaji retireede ina ñaawee sabu fenaande.[173] Ñaawooje ɗe keɓii nafoore kadi ko hooreejo EFCC mo Buhari, hono Ibrahim Magu.[173] E laamu Buhari, hooreejo kiitaaji lesdi Naajeeriya Walter Onnoghen, kiitaama haa kiitaaji lesdi Naajeeriya nyande 18 lewru Abriil 2019, ngam bayyinki jawdi fenaande.[174] E lewru Duujal hitaande 2019, Mohammed Bello Adoke, gonnooɗo Jaagorgal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe, artiraa leydi Najeriya ngam ñaaweede sabu tuumeede fenaande.[175] Kono e lewru Yarkomaa 2020, fedde wiyeteende Transparency International ina rokka leydi Najeriya haa jooni golle seeɗa e nder limto mum ko fayti e njulaagu.[176][177]

E lewru Siilo hitaande 2020, Ibrahim Magu hooreejo EFCC nanngaama e juuɗe Departemaa Kuuɓal Dowla (DSS) ngam bonnude ciimtol kisal ko faati e golle makko no laamu Buhari ardii haɓaade fenaande e tuumeede ŋakkeende ngalu. Caggal ɗuum lomtii mo ko Mohammed Umar. E lewru Duujal 2020, Gonnooɗo hooreejo fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e pension, Abdulrasheed Maina, nanngaaɗo to leydi Nijeer koɗdiindi caggal nde o diwi kaalis, o feeñii e ñaawirde Abuja ngam tuumaade ko 12 fenaande e fenaande kaalis.[182] Ali Ndume, senateer lomtotooɗo Borno Sud, nanngaama caggal nde o diwi kaalis kadi.[183]

Geɗe kisal

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Delta Niiseer

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Naajeeriya woni leydi ɗiɗaɓiri ɓurndi heewde petroŋ e nder Afrik, petroŋ oo ɓuri heewde ko e diiwaan Nijeer Delta e nder leydi ndii. Duuɓi peewnugol nebam ina njogii batte bonɗe e ndema e liɗɗi rewrude e ɓuuɓri nebam.[184] Laamu nguu fuɗɗiima eɓɓoore ngam wallitde laɓɓinde Ogoniland tawi guwerneeruuji goɗɗi e nder diiwaan hee ina njiɗi setup nannduɗo e oo. HYPREP fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2005 kono ina leeli fuɗɗaade golle moƴƴitingol to Ogoniland.[184]

Ɗum fof e wayde noon, ina woodi haa jooni njanguuji taƴondirɗi e nokkuuji petroŋ ɗi pelle bayɗe no Niger Delta Avengers mbaɗata. Ɗum battinii no feewi e peewnugol petroŋ addani taƴgol njeeyguuji e ngalu laamu.[185] Avengers ina mbaɗa hare ngam ɓeydaade heɓde ndimaagu faggudu e politik.[186]

Juulɓe Shi’a en

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Movement islamique lesdi Naajeeriya mo Sheek Ibraahiima Zakzaky ardii, woni gooto nder hukuumaaji lesdi ndi'i ɗi julɓe Shi'a'en ardii. Yimɓe julɓe Naajeeriya ɓuri ɗuuɗugo ko Sunni'en ammaa Shia'en ɗon mari ɗuuɗal nder yimɓe ɗuuɗɓe.[187] Caggal nde dillere nde tuumaama warde hooreejo konu Tukur Buratai e lewru Duujal 2015, base Zakzaky yani e bommbooji, waɗi teemedde maayɓe tawi Zakzaky nanngaama.[187] Zakzaky nanngaama fotde duuɓi jeegom, so wonaa e yahdu safaara balɗe tati to leydi Indiya, haa o woppitaa, o woppitaa e lewru sulyee 2021.[188]

Seernooɓe Biafra

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Ƴeew kadi: Ngenndiyaŋkaagal Igbo, Biafra, e fitinaaji e nder Fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Najeriya

Fedde seerndiinde, Yimɓe Ɓiɓɓe leydi Biafra e ardorde Nnamdi Kanu wonti fedde mawnde e hitaande 2015 ngam wallitde jeytaare ngam leñol Biafra ceertungol.[187] Republique Biafra mo seerti e mum sosaa ko juuti e nder wolde hakkunde leyɗeele Najeriya. E lewru Oktoobar 2015, Kanu nanngaa ngam tuumeede janfa, nanngugol makko rewi heen ko seppooji ngam salaade nanngugol makko e nder diiwanuuji keewɗi to Fuɗnaange-rewo.[187] Kanu ɓaawo man diwi bail, o doggi haa lesdi feere ngam wallugo ardungal fitinaaji lesɗi haa Fombina-Fuunaange lesdi Naajeeriya ko adi o nannga Interpol, o wartira lesdi Naajeeriya.[189] Buhari yamiri warngo terɗe IPOB ɗe ngalaa kaɓirɗe[190]

Bokko haram

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Binndanɗe mawɗe: Bokko Haram e fitinaaji Bokko Haram

Gila 2015, hare luulndiinde tuugnorgal ƴettii mbaadi kesiri. E nder heen pelle ɗee peccii e fedde Boko Haram aadaaji nde Abubakar Shekau ardii e Dowla Islaamiyankeejo e nder diiwaan Afrik hirnaange mo Abu Musab al-Barnawi ardii.[191] Pelle goɗɗe ɗe Al Kaydaa walli e nder Magreb lislaam ko wayi no Ansaru, ɗe riiwaa e Mali sabu Operation Serval mo Farayse ardii, peeñii, ngollodii e Boko Haram hay so tawii ko kamɓe ngoni luulndiiɓe ɗum.[192] Ɗuum ɓuri wonde ko e haajuuji, sibu pelle ɗiɗi ɗee mbaawaano riisde leefɗinde koye mum en e haɓde hakkunde mum en.[193] E lewru feebariyee 2020, ko ina tolnoo e teemedde ɗiɗi e capanɗe joyi tergal Ansaru mbaraama e nder njillu polis to Birnin Gwari.[194]

E lewru Oktoobar 2016, laamu nguu haaldii e fedde ownooɓe wiyeteende Boko Haram, nde heɓi yoɓde sukaaɓe rewɓe 21 Chibok.[195] Haa lewru Duujal 2016, laamu nguu heɓti ko heewi e leyɗeele ɗe Boko Haram joginoo ko adii ɗuum, caggal nde ɓe keɓi ladde Sambisa, Buhari hollitii wonde Boko Haram foolii e karallaagal. Fitinaaji ɗii ngummii fotde miliyoŋaaji ɗiɗi neɗɗo e nder galleeji mum en e heɓtude gure ɗee hannde ina addana en caɗeele neɗɗankaagal to bannge cellal, jaŋde e ñamri.[196] Ñalnde 6 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2017, laamu Buhari heɓi kadi yoɓde 82 e nder 276 sukaaɓe rewɓe nanngaaɓe e hitaande 2014, ngam waylude ardiiɓe Boko Haram joy.[197] Ñalnde 7 lewru Mbooy hitaande 2017, hooreejo leydi Buhari hawri e sukaaɓe rewɓe Chibok 82 woppitaaɓe, hade mum yahde London, leydi Angalteer, ngam safrude ñawu ngu o anndaaka.[198]

Shekau wari hoore mum caggal nde fedde makko taarnaa e luulndiiɓe ISWAP e lewru mee 2021. E nder lebbi garooji ɗii, teemedde teemedde ownooɓe "tuubuɓe" ndokki hoore mum en e laamu nguu, heewɓe e maɓɓe ina mbiya ko lolluɓe e Shekau.[199]

Fitinaaji duroowo–demoowo

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Winndannde mawnde: Feere hakkunde durooɓe e remooɓe e nder leydi Najeriya

Ƴeew kadi: Feereeji renndo e nder leydi Najeriya e warngooji keewɗi e nder Fombina Kaduna

Diiwaan Middle Belt leydi Naajeeriya ina wondi e caɗeele hakkunde remooɓe e durooɓe jawdi, pelle ɗiɗi ina njiɗi heɓde leydi ndema ngam remde walla remde e heɓde ndiyam.[187] Tiiɗnaare e siyaasaaku fitinaaji dow senndindirki leƴƴi e diinaaji ɓeydii wakkati laamu Buhari nde wakkati fitinaaji ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon nder nokkuuje feere feere nder Fombina Naajeeriya.[187] Fotde 300 siwil en mbaraama e nder wuro wonngo e nder diiwaan Benue, Middle-Belt leydi ndi e fotde 40 siwil en mbaraama to Enugu to Fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Najeriya.[187] Fitinaaji ɗii njibinii ko ina tolnoo e 250 000 wuro[200] egguɓe e gure ɗe peewnaaka no feewi ngam haɓaade naatgol egguɓe. Feere hakkunde remooɓe ɓe ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko Kerecee’en e durooɓe ɓe ɓuri heewde ko juulɓe, waɗii jokkere enɗam hakkunde diineeji ɗi, ɗum wallitaani nde hooreejo leydi ndii neldi konu ngam ittude militeeruuji leƴƴi Kerecee’en, tawi noon ñaawooɓe ɓee ina mbaɗa tuumeede jaabawol makko ɓuuɓngol feewde e durooɓe jawdi jogiiɓe kaɓirɗe.[200]

Tiɗnaare njuɓɓudi ndii ngam safrude luural ngal addani ɗum waɗde feere ngam waylude jawdi ngam ƴellitde jawdi e deeƴnude diiwaan Middle Belt.[200] E hitaande 2017, RUGA, ko firo Rural Grazing Area kono kadi ko konngol firti koɗki e ɗemngal Fulani, ko feere ƴettaande ummoraade e miijooji peeje waylo-waylo.[200] RUGA ina foti seerndude nokkuuji durngooji ngam durooɓe nde ɓe ngummotoo fuɗnaange ; kono dowlaaji Fuɗnaange keewɗi njaɓaani kala keɓgol leydi tawa ko e dow yamiroore RUGA, peeje ɗee dartinaama.[200]

Banndiraaɓe to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya

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Ƴeew kadi: Hare bandiiji Nijeer

Gila hitaande 2015, laamu Buhari heɓi caɗeele e ɓeydagol golle jowitiiɗe e bandiiji e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya.[201] Laawol mawngol Abuja-Kaduna inniraama "laawol mawngol kidnagol", sabu bonanndeeji keewɗi ɗi bandiiji mbaɗata.[202] E lewru feebariyee 2020, fedde mawɓe woylaare, fedde renndo-politik, wiyi wonde laamu nguu ina ŋakkiraa Naajeeriyankooɓe to bannge kisal.[203]

Haa lewru juko 2021, fotde 45 neɗɗo e ñalawma gooto ina nanngee, ko ɓuri heewde e maɓɓe ko bandiiji ngam yoɓde njoɓdi.[204] Banndiraaɓe woɗɓe ina njokki e wujjude jawdi, gelooɗi, e jawdi goɗɗi, won heen pelle njani e gure fof e nokkuuji ɓurɗi yaajde. Banndiraaɓe ɓee ngaddi kulol gollondiral hakkunde banndiraaɓe e ownooɓe Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɗeen kulol tabitinaama e lewru ut 2021 nde sarwiis immigration leydi Najeriya holliti wonde pelle mawɗe bandiraaɓe Zamfara ina njaha to diiwaan Borno ngam janngude e Boko Haram.[205]

Geɗe ngenndiije

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Politik Ruga

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Winndannde mawnde: Politik Ruga

Laamu Buhari nastini politik Ruga (politik koɗki aadee) luulndiingo, fawaade e safrude luural hakkunde durooɓe Fulɓe hoɗɓe e remooɓe jooɗiiɓe. Politik oo, mo jooni dartinaama, maa "softu renndooji reserved ɗo durooɓe nguurdata, ndema, ndema jawdi mum en, mbaɗa kosam e waɗde golle goɗɗe jowitiiɗe e njulaagu jawdi tawa ɓe ngonaa e yahrude yeeso ngam yiylaade nokkuuji ɗo na’i maɓɓe nguurata."[206]

Ina wiyee ko militeeruuji

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Buhari fotti bee ƴamol ɗuuɗngol nder laamu. E hitaande 2019 laamu makko naati e ñiŋooje mawɗe sabu ko o waɗiri[207] Sowore, daraniiɗo renndo Amerik, e nder ñaawoore makko, hay so tawii ñaawirdu nduu rokkii mo kaalis.[208] Ndee ɗoo feere noon ɓuri ñiŋeede, ko kanko Sowore o wiyi wonde Buhari bonnii nokku makko civic.[209] E lewru Duujal 2019, jaaynde Naajeeriya wiyeteende Punch hollitii wonde gila jooni ɓe mbiyata laamu Buhari ko "laamu"[210], caggal ɗuum ɓe mbiyata ɗum ko "Seneraal Buhari"[210] sabu laamu makko nannduɗo e konu nguu ina woɗɗi demokaraasi. Ɓe cemmbini wonde ko o ‘diktatoor militeer’,[211] ko ɗum huunde nde jaɓɓaama no feewi e nder laylayti renndo.[212]

Ñawu COVID-19

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Winndannde mawnde: Ñawu COVID-19 e nder leydi Nijeer

Ƴeew kadi: Jaabawol laamu Najeriya e ñawu COVID-19

Caggal nde rafi COVID-19 fuɗɗii e nder leydi Najeriya, Buhari sosi fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e rafi o e nder leydi ndi.[213] Ñalnde 23 lewru marse, mawɗo gollordu Buhari, Abba Kyari, ƴeewtaama ina wonndi e rafi COVID-19, ɗum addani yimɓe hulde wonde Buhari ina waawi heɓde rafi o, caggal ɗuum hollitaama wonde Buhari ina wondi e rafi o.[214] Ñalnde 30 lewru mars, Buhari anndinii udditgol wurooji mawɗi Abuja, Lagos e Ogun fotde jonte ɗiɗi.[215]

Ñalnde 14 oktoobar, goomu hooreejo leydi ndii e COVID-19 jeertinii wonde ina waawi arde e mbaydi ɗiɗmiri "so tawii kuule e porotokolle ɗee ɗooftaaka no feewi".[216]

Joofnude seppooji SARS

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Winndannde mawnde: Jokkude SARS

E lewru Oktoobar 2020, seppooji ngam haɓaade polis'en tuumaɓe waɗde bonanndeeji polis'en keertiiɗi e polis Naajeeriya, polis'en keertiiɗi haɓaade wuyɓe (SARS) puɗɗiima to Lagos e gure mawɗe goɗɗe. Diɗɗal End SARS ngal alaa ardorde cakkitiinde ko ɓuri kawral tokosal yuɓɓinngal seppooji gadani ɗii, ina nanndi e diɗɗal Occupy Nigeria ngal 2012.[217]

Ñalnde 12 lewru nduu, ñalawma gooto caggal nde seppooɓe ɓee kolliti ɗaɓɓaande mum en, Buhari hollitii fusde SARS, fodani ɗum "mbayliigu polis yaajngu".[218] Gila nde leydi Naajeeriya heɓi ndimu mum e hitaande 1960, Polis leydi Naajeeriya woni ko e yeeso ngam haɓaade bonanndeeji yuɓɓinaaɗi e nder leydi Naajeeriya e nder balɗe cakkitiiɗe ɗee, ko wayi no bandiiji, kulhuli, njulaagu dorog, fenaande e njulaagu nguu ina toɗɗii no feewi mbaawkaaji gollooɓe mum,[219] ina ɗaccita nokku ɗo terɗe SARS mbaɗata extrajudi ki02.

Ñalnde 13 lewru nduu, Mohammed Adamu, gardiiɗo polis, habri sosde fedde hesere wiyeteende kaɓirɗe e taktikuuji keertiiɗi (SWAT) ngam ƴettude golle SARS.[221] Ndee feere weltinaani ko ɓuri heewde e seppooɓe ɓee, ɓe cikkatnoo ko waylude no feewi njuɓɓudi polis.[222] Ñalnde 14 lewru nduu, seppooji ɗii njokki, ko famɗi fof sappo e seppooɓe mbaraama, e hareeji bonɗi mbaɗi hakkunde seppooɓe yiɗɓe SARS e seppooɓe yiɗɓe SARS e Brigade Garde Presidentielle elite naati e nder laamorgo fedde ndee.[223]

Ñalnde 12 lewru nduu hitaande 2021, Buhari yamiri yo terɗe polis Naajeeriya e konu Naajeeriya, ngam haɗde seppooji baɗaaɗi ngam haɓaade laamu. Laamu nguu wiyi ko ngam haɗde ŋakkeende sariya e deeƴre wonnde e seppooji EndSARS lewru Oktoobar 2020.[224]

Haɗeede Twitter

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Caggal nde Buhari waɗi winndannde e Twitter ina hulɓina fitinaaji dow yimɓe Biafra to fombina-fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya ñalnde 5 lewru nduu hitaande 2021, Twitter momti haala makko ka, sibu ko kañum bonnata sarɗiiji golle mum. Caggal ɗuum seeɗa, laamu leydi Najeriya haɗi Twitter yaltude leydi ndii fof.[225] Ɓe itti haɗugo man nyande 13 lewru Yarkomaa 2022, ɓaawo ɓe mbi'i Twitter jaɓi winnditugo kuuɗe maako haa lesdi Naajeeriya e yoɓugo ceede.[226]

Politik caggal leydi

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Ƴeew kadi: Doggol ɗanle hooreejo leydi hakkunde leyɗeele ɗe Muhammadu Buhari waɗi

Buhari siftinii ƴamol konu Myanmar e polis'en dow juulɓe Rohingya'en dow laɓɓinki lenyol, nden o jeertini dow musiiba bana warhoore Ruwannda.[227]

E nder njillu makko to Almaañ, e darnde makko e sara hooreejo leydi Almaañ, hono Angela Merkel,[228] Buhari wiyi kadi "mi anndaa hol lannda debbo am jeyaa, kono o jeyaa ko e cuuɗi am e suudu am e suudu woɗndu nduu" [229] caggal nde debbo makko adii wasiyaade mo yo o ɓeydu ardorde makko[22].

Buhari woni hooreejo leydi gadano noddirde nanondiral winnderewal ngam haɗde fitinaaji rewɓe e sukaaɓe rewɓe.[230]

Caggal laamu (2023-2025)

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Buhari hokki laamu bee jam haa lomto maako Bola Tinubu nyande 29 lewru Mayru 2023, wakkati 10 subaka (WAT) haa juulde udditgol laamu haa Eagle Square, lesdi laamorde lesdi ndi'i. O ummi jooɗorde laamu haa Abuja law ɓaawo juulde hokkugo laamu e nder aadaaji ardiiɓe lesɗe e hooreeɓe lesdi ɓennuɗi o warti haa lesdi maako Katsina to o jaɓɓaama bee mawɓe lesdi e aadaaji ko adii o ɗon no hokka joonde maako haa ngesa maako e jooɗorde saare maako haa Daura.[231]

E nder ko yiytaa e nder ñaawoore nde ɓe mbaɗi e dow gonnooɗo guwerneer Banki Naajeeriya, Godwin Emefiele, Boss Mustapha, mawɗo jaagorɗe laamu Buhari, seedtii wonde tato tuumaaɓe ina tuuma wujjude miliyoŋaaji 6,2 dolaar (£4,9 miliyoŋ) e banke mawɗo leydi Naajeeriya, e huutoraade signature of32d Buhari.

Wade

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E nder yontereeji ko adii maayde makko, Buhari, mo ɓurnoo heewde ko ruttaade e nguurndam renndo caggal nde o yalti e laamu e hitaande 2023, yahiino to London ngam safrude. O woni ko e toppitaade to opitaal leydi Angalteer sabu ko siforaa ko rafi juutɗo. E nder laamu makko, o ƴettiino leppi safaara keewɗi juutɗi to London, ɗum jibini ñiŋooje nder leydi e kulhuli ko fayti e laaɓal.[233]

Buhari maayi ko e nder suudu safrirdu to Londres ko ina wona waktu 16ɓo e feccere kikiiɗe (15w30h UTC),[234] ñalnde 13 lewru juko hitaande 2025.[235] O waɗi duuɓi 82. Ñalnde 14 lewru juko, cukko hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Kashim Shettima, arii London ngam hawritde e debbo Buhari e sukaaɓe mum, tawi omo ardii delegaasiyoŋ ardiiɓe leydi Najeriya, ɓe ndaranii wartirde heddiiɓe makko to leydi Najeriya.[238][239] Ubbirde ndee leeltinii ñalnde wootere caggal nde o jokkondiri e ɓesngu makko.[240][241] Goomu ngu George Akume ardii nguu udditaa ngam waɗde wirwirnde Buhari "wirngo leydi ndii fof".[242]

Ñalnde 15 lewru juko hitaande 2025, heddiiɓe e Buhari, ɓe ndarnanoo e lefol leydi Najeriya, neldaama to leydi Najeriya e nder laana ndiwoowa hooreejo leydi Najeriya, ɓe njottii laana ndiwoowa Umaru Musa Yar’adua to Katsina.[242][243][244] Ñalnde heen kadi, heddiiɓe e makko mbaraa e galle makko to Daura, to diiwaan Katsina[245] e dow sarɗiiji lislaam.[246] O rokkaama wirwirnde laamu e wirwirnde laamu e teleeji[247][248][249] tawi kadi ko ardiiɓe leydi e laamuuji jooni e wonnooɓe e laamu ummoriiɓe Gine Bisaawo e Niiseer tawtoraama.[250]

Teddungal

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Caggal maayde Buhari, hooreejo leydi Naajeeriya, Bola Tinubu, siftinii wonde lefol makko ngol ina duumoo, ina maantini e laawol demokaraasi Naajeeriya, o bayyini balɗe jeeɗiɗi e sunaare, tawi ko bannge ngenndi ndii yamiri yo o waɗte e feccere mast balɗe jeeɗiɗi gila 13 lewru juko.[251][252] Tinubu yamiri cukko hooreejo leydi Kashim Shettima yo yah lesdi Biritaniya ngam yahdugo bee ɓanndu Buhari haa lesdi Naajeeriya ngam o wirna.[239]

Nguurndam neɗɗo

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E hitaande 1971, Buhaari resi Safinatu Buhaari (jinaaɗo mum ko Yuusuf). Ɓe ndañi ɓiɓɓe njoyo gooto.[253] E hitaande 1988, ɓe ceerti. Ñalnde 14 lewru bowte hitaande 2006, Safinatu sankii ko e caɗeele jabet. E lewru Noowammbar 2012, ɓiɗɗo Buhari debbo gadano maayi e rafi ƴiiƴam, balɗe ɗiɗi caggal nde o dañi ɓiɗɗo to opitaal to Kaduna.[254]

E lewru Duujal hitaande 1989, Buhari resi Aisha Buhari (jinaaɗo Halilu). Ɓe ndañi kadi ɓiɓɓe njoyo gooto.[255] Ɓiɗɗo maɓɓe Yuusuf resi Zahra Nasir Bayero, ɓiɗɗo Emir Nasiru Ado Bayero, e lewru ut 2021.[256]

E hitaande 2015, Buhari hollitii 150 000 dolaar Amerik kaalis ; ko jiidaa e cuuɗi joy e cuuɗi ɗiɗi loope kam e gese, ngesa leɗɗe e ranwiiji 270 jawdi, 25 baali, pucci joy e colli ceertuɗi, geɗe e nder feddeeji tati, nokkuuji ɗiɗi ɗi ƴellitaaki, e otooji ɗiɗi ɗi o soodi e ngalu makko.[257]

Teddungal

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Teddungal ngenndiwal

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Naajeeriya:

Komanda mawɗo fedde nde (GCFR) (1983)

Teddungal caggal leydi

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Benin:

Kuraana mawɗo e nder leydi Benin (2015)[258]

Gine Ekuwatoor:

Koolaaɗo kuuɓal yamiroore jeytaare (2016)[259]

Gine Bisaawo:

Heɓɗo njeenaari Amilkar Kabral (8 desaambar 2022)[260]

Liberiya:

Kordon mawɗo fedde pioneer en Liberiya (27 sulyee 2019)[261][262]

Nijeer:

Kuraana mawɗo mo Ordo ngenndiijo Niiseer (17 mars 2021)[263]

Portigaal:

Koolaaɗo kuuɓal laamɗo Henri (30 suwee 2022)[264]

Senegaal:

Kurus mawɗo mo Ordo ngenndiijo Lion (7 sulyee 2022)[265]

Serbi:

Kalaas ɗiɗmo e yamiroore leydi Serbi (2016)[266]

Tiitooɗe aadaaji

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E hitaande 2017, kawtal laamɓe aadaaji fuɗnaange-rewo teddinii hooreejo leydi Buhari e tiitooɗe laamɗo Enyioma I mo Ebonyi e Ochioha I mo Igboland.[267] E sahaa nde o woni e laamu, hooreejo leydi ndii ina joginoo tiitoonde, hono Ogbuagu I mo Igboland, e nder laamu leydi Najeriya.[268] Caggal mum o rokkaama kadi goɗɗo, hono Ikeogu I mo Igboland, e hitaande rewtunde ndee.[269][270]

Ƴeew kadi

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Doggol yimɓe Hausa en

Doggol ardiiɓe lesɗe Naajeeriya

Doggol yimɓe Naajeeriya

Himobe

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  1. ↑
    • Smith, David (31 March 2015). "Muhammadu Buhari: reformed dictator returns to power in democratic Nigeria". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2025.
    • Pilling, David (14 July 2025). "Muhammadu Buhari, former Nigerian president, 1942-2025". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 15 July 2025. Retrieved 18 July 2025.
    • Adetayo, Ope (14 July 2025). "Here's how Nigerians remember Buhari, who ruled both as a dictator and a democrat". Associated Press.
    • "Muhammadu Buhari failed to build a better Nigeria, twice". The Economist. 14 July 2025. Archived from the original on 16 July 2025. Retrieved 18 July 2025.
    • Ogbonda, Chris Wolumati (2023). "Nigerian Press Under Buhari Military Autocracy and Civil Democracy". Military-Media Relations in Post-Colonial Nigeria: Clashes, Ethics, and Prospects. Ethics International Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-80441-248-0.
    • Bergstresser, Heinrich (2020). "Nigeria". Africa Yearbook Volume 16: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2019. p. 148. doi:10.1163/9789004430013_017. ISBN 978-90-04-43001-3.
  2. ↑ "Muhammadu Buhari". Britannica. 15 June 2025. Archived from the original on 18 February 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  3. ↑ "The frustrations of Buhari from 2003 to 2011". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. 12 December 2016. Archived from the original on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  4. ↑ "Nigeria election: Muhammadu Buhari wins presidency". BBC News. 1 April 2015. Archived from the original on 10 November 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  5. ↑ "Buhari in historic election win, emerges Nigeria's President-elect". Premium Times. 31 March 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  6. ↑ "Muhammadu Buhari". The Muslim 500. 27 May 2018. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
  7. ↑ "UPDATED: Buhari wins second term". The Punch. 27 February 2019. Archived from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  8. ↑ Stephanie Busari; Aanu Adeoye (27 February 2019). "Nigeria's President Muhammadu Buhari reelected, but opponent rejects results". CNN. Archived from the original on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  9. ↑ "Nigeria's Buhari wins re-election, rival pursues fraud claim". Reuters. 27 February 2019. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  10. ↑ Okere, Alexander (13 July 2025). "Former President Buhari Dies At 82". Channels Television. Retrieved 13 July 2025.
  11. ↑ Zuber, David (19 April 2022). "Muhammadu Buhari (1942– )". BlackPast.org. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
  12. ↑ Smith, David (31 March 2015). "Muhammadu Buhari: reformed dictator returns to power in democratic Nigeria". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2025.
  13. ↑ Zuber, David (19 April 2022). "Muhammadu Buhari (1942– )". BlackPast.org. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
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