scio

See also: Scio and sciò

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈst͡sio/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Audio 3:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -io
• Syllabification: sci‧o

Noun

scio (uncountable, accusative scion)

1. knowledge

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): ^*/ˈʃi.o/
• Rhymes: -io
• Hyphenation: scì‧o

Verb

scio

1. first-person singular present indicative of sciare

Anagrams

• -isco, Cois, Cosi, Soči, cosi, cosi', così, isco-, osci, scoi, soci

Latin

Etymology

De Vaan follows the LIV in tentatively reconstructing Proto-Italic *skijō, from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to distinguish, dissect”), in which case related to secō (“to cut off”), signum (“a sign”), Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “to split”) and English shit. He additionally notes the bare verb may be a backformation from negative nesciō, which proposed semantic development is not unusual.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈski.oː], [ˈski.ɔ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈʃiː.o]

Verb

sciō (present infinitive scīre, perfect active scīvī or sciī, supine scītum); fourth conjugation

1. to be able to, to know (how to do), understand, to have practical knowledge

   Synonyms: agnōscō, cognōscō, inveniō, sentiō, cōnsciō, sapiō, nōscō, scīscō, intellegō, percipiō, discernō, tongeō, cernō, audiō, possum

   Antonyms: ignōrō, nesciō

   Scīsne ubi habitēmus? ― Do you know where we live?

   • 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 346–350:

     DĀVUS: Quid timeās sciō. / PAMPHILUS: Mea quidem hercle certē in dubiō vītāst. DĀ.: Et quid tū, sciō. / PA.: Nūptiae mī… DĀ.: Etsī, sciō…? PA.: Hodiē…! DĀ.: Obtundis, tam etsī intellegō? / Id pavēs nē dūcās tū illam; tū autem ut dūcās. CHARĪNUS: Rem tenēs! / PA.: Istūc ipsum!

     DAVUS [to CHARINUS]: I know what you fear.
     PAMPHILUS: It’s true, by Hercules!, that my life is certainly in doubt.
     DAVUS [to PAMPHILUS]: And I know what you [are afraid of], too.
     PAMPHILUS: My wedding...
     DAVUS: Even if, I know…?
     PAMPHILUS: Today…!
     DAVUS: You keep yammering on, even if I understand? [to CH] You’re afraid you won’t marry her; [to PA] you, on the other hand, are afraid you will marry her!
     CHARINUS: You’ve got it!
     PAMPHILUS: That’s it, what you just said!

   • c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 68.85
2. (euphemistic) to know carnally

Conjugation

• Used with adverb, accusative, or ablative.
• The third and fourth principal parts are shared with scīscō.
• The regular present imperatives, scī and scīte, are almost never encountered, with the regular second person future imperative forms scītō and scītōte being used instead.
• Contraction scīn (or scīn') for scīsne (scīs + -ne)

   Conjugation of sciō (fourth conjugation)

indicative	singular	plural
first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	sciō	scīs	scit	scīmus	scītis	sciunt
imperfect	sciēbam, scībam1	sciēbās, scībās1	sciēbat, scībat1	sciēbāmus, scībāmus1	sciēbātis, scībātis1	sciēbant, scībant1
future	sciam, scībō1	sciēs, scībis1	sciet, scībit1	sciēmus, scībimus1	sciētis, scībitis1	scient, scībunt1
perfect	scīvī, sciī	scīvistī, scīstī, sciistī2	scīvit, scīt, sciit2	scīvimus, scīmus, sciimus2	scīvistis, scīstis, sciistis2	scīvērunt, scīrunt, scīvēre, sciērunt, sciēre2
pluperfect	scīveram, scīram, scieram2	scīverās, scīrās, scierās2	scīverat, scīrat, scierat2	scīverāmus, scīrāmus, scierāmus2	scīverātis, scīrātis, scierātis2	scīverant, scīrant, scierant2
future perfect	scīverō, scīrō, scierō2	scīveris, scīris, scieris2	scīverit, scīrit, scierit2	scīverimus, scīrimus, scierimus2	scīveritis, scīritis, scieritis2	scīverint, scīrint, scierint2
passive	present	scior	scīris, scīre	scītur	scīmur	scīminī	sciuntur
imperfect	sciēbar, scībar1	sciēbāris, sciēbāre, scībāris, scībāre1	sciēbātur, scībātur1	sciēbāmur, scībāmur1	sciēbāminī, scībāminī1	sciēbantur, scībantur1
future	sciar, scībor1	sciēris, sciēre, scīberis, scībere1	sciētur, scībitur1	sciēmur, scībimur1	sciēminī, scībiminī1	scientur, scībuntur1
perfect	scītus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect	scītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect	scītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive	singular	plural
first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	sciam	sciās	sciat	sciāmus	sciātis	sciant
imperfect	scīrem	scīrēs	scīret	scīrēmus	scīrētis	scīrent
perfect	scīverim, scīrim, scierim2	scīverīs, scīrīs, scierīs2	scīverit, scīrit, scierit2	scīverīmus, scīrīmus, scierīmus2	scīverītis, scīrītis, scierītis2	scīverint, scīrint, scierint2
pluperfect	scīvissem, scīssem, sciissem2	scīvissēs, scīssēs, sciissēs2	scīvisset, scīsset, sciisset2	scīvissēmus, scīssēmus, sciissēmus2	scīvissētis, scīssētis, sciissētis2	scīvissent, scīssent, sciissent2
passive	present	sciar	sciāris, sciāre	sciātur	sciāmur	sciāminī	sciantur
imperfect	scīrer	scīrēris, scīrēre	scīrētur	scīrēmur	scīrēminī	scīrentur
perfect	scītus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	scītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative	singular	plural
first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	scītō, scī	—	—	scītōte, scīte	—
future	—	scītō	scītō	—	scītōte	sciuntō
passive	present	—	scīre	—	—	scīminī	—
future	—	scītor	scītor	—	—	sciuntor
non-finite forms	infinitive	participle
active	passive	active	passive
present	scīre	scīrī	sciēns	—
future	scītūrum esse	scītum īrī	scītūrus	sciendus
perfect	scīvisse, scīsse, sciisse2	scītum esse	—	scītus
future perfect	—	scītum fore	—	—
perfect potential	scītūrum fuisse	—	—	—
verbal nouns	gerund	supine
genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
sciendī	sciendō	sciendum	sciendō	scītum	scītū

¹Pre-Classical.
²At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

• consciō
• nesciō
• omniscius
• praesciō
• sciēns
• scienter
• scientia
• scientificus
• scientiola
• scīlicet
• scīscō
• scītāmenta
• scītātiō
• scītē
• scītor
• scītulus
• scītus

Descendants

• Balkano-Romance:
  • Aromanian: shtiu, shciu, sciu
  • Istro-Romanian: știvu
  • Megleno-Romanian: știu
  • Romanian: ști, știre
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: ischire
• Borrowings:
  • → Esperanto: scii
  • → Italian: scire (rare)

Adjective

sciō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of scius

References

• “scio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “scio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “scio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • I know for a fact: certo (certe) scio (Arch. 12. 32)
    
  • I know very well: probe scio, non ignoro
    
  • as far as I know: quantum scio
    
  • as far as I know: quod sciam
    
  • we know from experience: experti scimus, didicimus
    
  • to have received a liberal education: litteras scire
    
  • to know Latin: latinam linguam scire or didicisse
    
  • to know Latin: latine scire