perna

See also: Perna, perná, pernă, pērna, and pērnā

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin perna. Compare Spanish pierna and Portuguese perna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈpe̞r.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central) [ˈpɛr.nə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈpɛɾ.na]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [ˈpɛr.na]

Noun

perna f (plural pernes)

1. (obsolete outside fixed expressions) leg (lower limb of a human)

Derived terms

• espernegar
• espernetegar
• pern
• pernabatre
• pernada
• pernejar

Related terms

• pernil

Further reading

• “perna”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “perna”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “perna” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “perna”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Cornish

Alternative forms

• prena

Etymology

From Middle Cornish prena, from Proto-Brythonic *prɨnad, from Proto-Celtic *kʷrinati, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷrinéh₂ti ~ *kʷrinh₂énti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pernə/

Verb

perna

1. (Revived Late Cornish) to buy

Fala

Alternative forms

• pelna (Lagarteiru)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese perna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpeɾna/
• Rhymes: -eɾna
• Syllabification: per‧na

Noun

perna f (plural pernas)

1. (Mañegu, Valverdeñu, anatomy) leg

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web), 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 222

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *përna (compare Estonian põrn (“spleen”)), possibly from Indo-Iranian.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpernɑ/, [ˈpe̞rnɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ernɑ
• Syllabification^(key): per‧na
• Hyphenation^(key): per‧na

Noun

perna

1. (anatomy) spleen

Declension

Inflection of perna (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative	perna	pernat
genitive	pernan	pernojen
partitive	pernaa	pernoja
illative	pernaan	pernoihin
	singular	plural
nominative	perna	pernat
accusative	nom.	perna	pernat
gen.	pernan
genitive	pernan	pernojen pernain rare
partitive	pernaa	pernoja
inessive	pernassa	pernoissa
elative	pernasta	pernoista
illative	pernaan	pernoihin
adessive	pernalla	pernoilla
ablative	pernalta	pernoilta
allative	pernalle	pernoille
essive	pernana	pernoina
translative	pernaksi	pernoiksi
abessive	pernatta	pernoitta
instructive	—	pernoin
comitative	See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of perna (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative pernani pernani accusative nom. pernani pernani gen. pernani genitive pernani pernojeni pernaini rare partitive pernaani pernojani inessive pernassani pernoissani elative pernastani pernoistani illative pernaani pernoihini adessive pernallani pernoillani ablative pernaltani pernoiltani allative pernalleni pernoilleni essive pernanani pernoinani translative pernakseni pernoikseni abessive pernattani pernoittani instructive — — comitative — pernoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative pernasi pernasi accusative nom. pernasi pernasi gen. pernasi genitive pernasi pernojesi pernaisi rare partitive pernaasi pernojasi inessive pernassasi pernoissasi elative pernastasi pernoistasi illative pernaasi pernoihisi adessive pernallasi pernoillasi ablative pernaltasi pernoiltasi allative pernallesi pernoillesi essive pernanasi pernoinasi translative pernaksesi pernoiksesi abessive pernattasi pernoittasi instructive — — comitative — pernoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative pernamme pernamme accusative nom. pernamme pernamme gen. pernamme genitive pernamme pernojemme pernaimme rare partitive pernaamme pernojamme inessive pernassamme pernoissamme elative pernastamme pernoistamme illative pernaamme pernoihimme adessive pernallamme pernoillamme ablative pernaltamme pernoiltamme allative pernallemme pernoillemme essive pernanamme pernoinamme translative pernaksemme pernoiksemme abessive pernattamme pernoittamme instructive — — comitative — pernoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative pernanne pernanne accusative nom. pernanne pernanne gen. pernanne genitive pernanne pernojenne pernainne rare partitive pernaanne pernojanne inessive pernassanne pernoissanne elative pernastanne pernoistanne illative pernaanne pernoihinne adessive pernallanne pernoillanne ablative pernaltanne pernoiltanne allative pernallenne pernoillenne essive pernananne pernoinanne translative pernaksenne pernoiksenne abessive pernattanne pernoittanne instructive — — comitative — pernoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative pernansa pernansa accusative nom. pernansa pernansa gen. pernansa genitive pernansa pernojensa pernainsa rare partitive pernaansa pernojaan pernojansa inessive pernassaan pernassansa pernoissaan pernoissansa elative pernastaan pernastansa pernoistaan pernoistansa illative pernaansa pernoihinsa adessive pernallaan pernallansa pernoillaan pernoillansa ablative pernaltaan pernaltansa pernoiltaan pernoiltansa allative pernalleen pernallensa pernoilleen pernoillensa essive pernanaan pernanansa pernoinaan pernoinansa translative pernakseen pernaksensa pernoikseen pernoiksensa abessive pernattaan pernattansa pernoittaan pernoittansa instructive — — comitative — pernoineen pernoinensa

Synonyms

• lien, splen (medical vocabulary)

Derived terms

compounds

• pernaruoho
• pernarutto
• pernasairaus
• pernasyöpä

Further reading

• “perna”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese perna (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin perna. Cognate with Portuguese perna and Spanish pierna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɛɾna̝/

Noun

perna f (plural pernas)

1. leg
   • 1435, A. López Carreira, Fragmentos de notarios, doc. E2-8:

     ... que aderençaran ao dito Goterre Afonso et que o dito Fernando de Mourelos que sacara a espada da beyna contra o dito Goterre Afonso por lo matar, et seus conpaneiros como lo viran sacar que o ajudaran contra o dito Goterre Afonso, do qual lle logo deran huna grande ferida en huna perna esqerda, en que o feriran debayxo do gionllo ata o qualquanar

     ... they approached said Goterre Afonso and that the mentioned Fernando de Mourelos extracted the sword from its scabbard against said Goterre Afonso, for killing him; and his companions, as they saw this, helped him against said Goterre Afonso, and consequently he gave him a large wound in the left leg, in which he injured him from under the knee till the heel

2. (anatomy) shin, the region between the knee and ankle

See also

• coxa

References

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “perna”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “perna”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “perna”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “perna”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “perna”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese perna. Cognate with Kabuverdianu perna.

Noun

perna

1. leg

Ingrian

Alternative forms

• perta

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *përna. Cognates include Finnish perna and Estonian põrn.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈpernɑ/, [ˈpe̞rn]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈpernɑ/, [ˈpe̞rnɑ]
• Rhymes: -ern, -ernɑ
• Hyphenation: per‧na

Noun

perna

1. pancreas
   • 1937, V. A. Tetjurev, translated by N. J. Molotsova, Loonnontiito oppikirja alkușkoulua vart (toin osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 83:

     Vatsanmaost männöö pitkä hoikka sooli. Senen alkuossaa vootaa pernamahla, kumpa tekahuu pernaas, vatsanmaon al.

     From the stomach stretches the long small intestine. Into its beginning part flows the pancreatic juice, which is formed in the pancreas, below the stomach.

Declension

Declension of perna (type 3/kana, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	perna	pernat
genitive	pernan	pernoin
partitive	pernaa	pernoja
illative	pernaa	pernoi
inessive	pernaas	pernois
elative	pernast	pernoist
allative	pernalle	pernoille
adessive	pernaal	pernoil
ablative	pernalt	pernoilt
translative	pernaks	pernoiks
essive	pernanna, pernaan	pernoinna, pernoin
exessive1)	pernant	pernoint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms

• pernamahla

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 399

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese perna.

Noun

perna

1. leg

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpɛr.na]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpɛr.na]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *persnā, from Proto-Indo-European *tpḗrsneh₂ (“heel”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πτέρνη (ptérnē), Sanskrit पार्ष्णि (pā́rṣṇi), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌽𐌰 (fairzna, “heel”), Persian پاشنه (pâšne, “heel”).

Noun

perna f (genitive pernae); first declension

1. A haunch or ham together with the leg, gammon.
2. (of animals) A thigh-bone, with the meat upon it to the knee-joint, a leg of pork, a ham or gammon of bacon.
3. a kind of mussel

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	perna	pernae
genitive	pernae	pernārum
dative	pernae	pernīs
accusative	pernam	pernās
ablative	pernā	pernīs
vocative	perna	pernae

Derived terms

• pernārius
• >? Medieval Latin: *pernula – see perula for possible descendants of *pernula

Descendants

• Ancient Greek: πέρνα (pérna)
• Asturian: pierna
• Catalan: perna
• Italian: perno
• Mirandese: pierna
• Old Galician-Portuguese: perna
  • Fala: perna, pelna
  • Galician: perna
  • Portuguese: perna (see there for further descendants)
• Sicilian: perna
• Spanish: pierna
• → Translingual: Perna

Etymology 2

See perula.

Noun

perna f (genitive pernae); first declension

1. alternative form of perula

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	perna	pernae
genitive	pernae	pernārum
dative	pernae	pernīs
accusative	pernam	pernās
ablative	pernā	pernīs
vocative	perna	pernae

Further reading

• “perna”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “perna”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "perna", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “perna”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Jan Frederik Niermeyer, Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus : Lexique Latin Médiéval–Français/Anglais : A Medieval Latin–French/English Dictionary, fascicle I (1976), page 789/1, “perna”

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin perna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɛɾ.na/

Noun

perna f (plural pernas)

1. leg

Descendants

• Fala: perna, pelna
• Galician: perna
• Portuguese: perna (see there for further descendants)

Portuguese

pernas

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese perna, from Latin perna, from Proto-Indo-European *tpḗrsneh₂ (“heel”). Compare Galician perna and Spanish pierna.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈpɛʁ.nɐ/ [ˈpɛɦ.nɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈpɛʁ.nɐ/ [ˈpɛɦ.nɐ]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈpɛɾ.nɐ/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈpɛʁ.nɐ/
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /ˈpɛɻ.nɐ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈpɛɾ.nɐ/

• Audio (Brazil (Caipira)):

  (file)

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: (Brazil) -ɛʁnɐ, (Portugal, São Paulo) -ɛɾnɐ
• Hyphenation: per‧na

Noun

perna f (plural pernas)

1. (anatomy) leg (limb)
2. leg (rod-like protrusion from an inanimate object)

   As pernas de uma cadeira.

   The legs of a chair.

3. leg (part of garment)

Derived terms

• abrir as pernas
• bater perna
• com o rabo entre as pernas
• com uma perna às costas
• cortar as pernas
• dar à perna
• dar às pernas
• dar um passo maior do que a perna
• de pernas cruzadas
• de pernas para o ar
• encanar a perna à rã
• espernear
• espernegar
• passar a perna
• perna de pau
• perna-amarela-grande
• perna-amarela-pequeno
• perna-de-moça
• perna-de-moça-da-austrália
• perna-de-pau
• perna-longa
• perna-verde
• perna-verde-comum
• perna-verde-fino
• perna-vermelha
• perna-vermelha-bastardo
• perna-vermelha-comum
• perna-vermelha-escuro
• pernaça
• pernada
• pernalta
• pernalteiro
• pername
• pernão (augmentative)
• pernas, para que vos quero
• pernear / pernejar
• pernegudo
• perneira
• perneta
• pernil
• perninha (diminutive)
• pernoca
• pernudo
• ter perna
• ter pernas para andar

Related terms

• perni-
• perniaberto
• pernicurto
• pernigrande
• pernilongo
• pernitorto

Descendants

• Guinea-Bissau Creole: perna
• Kabuverdianu: perna

Further reading

• “perna”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “perna”, in Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
• “perna”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN
• “perna”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026