obraz

See also: obraź and ôbráz

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech obraz, from Proto-Slavic *obrazъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from obrazit.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈobras]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

obraz m inan (diminutive obrázek)

1. picture, painting, image
2. (mathematics) image (something mapped to by a function)

   Antonym: vzor m

Declension

Declension of obraz (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	obraz	obrazy
genitive	obrazu	obrazů
dative	obrazu	obrazům
accusative	obraz	obrazy
vocative	obraze	obrazy
locative	obraze, obrazu	obrazech
instrumental	obrazem	obrazy

Derived terms

• obrazec
• obraznost
• obrazný
• obrazovka
• obrazový
• obrázek
• vyobrazit
• zobrazit
• živý obraz

Further reading

• “obraz”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “obraz”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “obraz”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

Old Czech

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi

Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab

Proto-Slavic *o(b)

Proto-Slavic *ob-

Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-der.

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei

Proto-Slavic *-iti

Proto-Slavic *raziti

Proto-Slavic *obrazitideverb.

Proto-Slavic *obrazъ

Old Czech obraz

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obrazъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from obraziti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈobraz/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈobras/

Noun

obraz m inan

1. display; carving; sculpture, engraving; relief; drawing; painting (created representation of something)
2. (religion) idol (graven image or representation of anything that is revered, or believed to convey spiritual power)
3. mark and inscription stamped on a coin
4. minted money; coins
5. image (vision created in the human mind)
6. reflection (that which is seen in a mirror)
7. image, likeness (set of characteristic features, especially spiritual)

Declension

Declension of obraz (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	obraz	obrazy	obrazi, obrazové
genitive	obraza, obrazu	obrazú	obrazóv
dative	obrazu	obrazoma	obrazóm
accusative	obraz	obrazy	obrazy
vocative	obraze	obrazy	obrazi, obrazové
locative	obrazě, obrazu	obrazú	obraziech
instrumental	obrazem	obrazoma	obrazy

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.

Descendants

• Czech: obraz

References

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “obraz”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Polish

Etymology

. By surface analysis, deverbal from obrazić.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /ɔbraːs/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ɔbrɒs/

Noun

obraz m inan (diminutive obrazek)

1. (attested in Lesser Poland) sculpture, statue, engraved image
   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^{scan transliteration, transcription}, numbers 72, 20, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:

     Iaco sen wstaiøczich, gospodne, w mescze twoiem obraz gich ku niczemu obroczisz (velut somnium surgentium, domine, in civitate tua imaginem ipsorum ad nihilum rediges)

     [Jako sen wstających, Gospodnie, w mieście twojem obraz jich ku niczemu obrocisz (velut somnium surgentium, Domine, in civitate tua imaginem ipsorum ad nihilum rediges)]

2. (attested in Lesser Poland) shape, form, figure
   • c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie‎^{scan transliteration, transcription}, Miechów, page cv 21:

     Y moui ewangelista suøti pod obrazem trsy crolew poganskih

     [I mowi ewanjelista święty pod obrazem trzy krolew pogańskich]

3. (attested in Lesser Poland) shadow, illusion
   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^{scan transliteration, transcription}, numbers 38, 9, Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:

     Ale zaprawdø w obraze przeszedl czlowek (in imagine pertransit homo) a za dar se troszcze

     [Ale zaprawdę w obrazie przeszedł człowiek (in imagine pertransit homo), a za dar sie troszcze]

4. person's impeccable demeanor
   • 1930 [c. 1455], “I Par”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎^{transliteration, transcription}, 16, 29:

     Modlcye syø panv w obraze swyøtem (adorate dominum in decore sancto)

     [Modlcie się Panu w obrazie świętem (adorate Dominum in decore sancto)]

5. (attested in Silesia) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
   1. symbol, image
      • 1956 [Middle of the 15th century], Jerzy Woronczak, editor, Teksty polskie w rękopisie nr 43 Biblioteki Kapitulnej we Wrocławiu z połowy XV wieku‎^[2], Silesia, page 106r:

        Si formam, obraszem, dei te appellem, digna existis

        [Si formam, obrazem, Dei te appellem, digna existis]

Related terms

nouns

• obrażenie

verbs

• obrazić pf, obrażać impf
• razić impf

Descendants

• Polish: obraz
• Silesian: ôbrŏz

References

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “obraz”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
• Mańczak, Witold (2017), “obraz”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “obraz”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “obraz”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Old Slovak

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi

Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab

Proto-Slavic *o(b)

Proto-Slavic *ob-

Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-der.

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei

Proto-Slavic *-iti

Proto-Slavic *raziti

Proto-Slavic *obrazitideverb.

Proto-Slavic *obrazъ

Old Slovak obraz

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obrazъ. First attested in 1585. By surface analysis, deverbal from obraziť.

Noun

obraz m inan

1. display; carving; sculpture, engraving; relief; drawing; painting (created representation of something)
2. form, appearance; character, nature (set of characteristic bodily or mental traits)
3. (religion) idol (graven image or representation of anything that is revered, or believed to convey spiritual power)
4. image (idea formed in the human mind; visual impression)
5. reflection
6. description (verbal representation)
7. model, example (mform for imitation)
8. face (front part of a head)
9. sign, symbol

Descendants

• Pannonian Rusyn: образ (obraz)
• Slovak: obraz

References

• Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “obraz”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC

Polish

obraz

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔ.bras/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈɔ.brɒs/
• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Eastern Lublin) IPA^(key): [ˈɔ.bras]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔbras
• Syllabification: o‧braz

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi

Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab

Proto-Slavic *o(b)

Proto-Slavic *ob-

Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-der.

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti

Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei

Proto-Slavic *-iti

Proto-Slavic *raziti

Proto-Slavic *obrazitideverb.

Proto-Slavic *obrazъ

Old Polish obraz

Polish obraz

Inherited from Old Polish obraz. By surface analysis, deverbal from obrazić.

Noun

obraz m inan (diminutive obrazek or (dialectal) obrazik, related adjective obrazowy)

1. (art) image (artistic creation)

   "Mona Lisa" jest jednym z najbardziej znanych obrazów olejnych z czasów renesansu.

   The Mona Lisa is one of the most famous oil paintings of the Renaissance.

2. image (representation of reality resulting from the reflection or refraction of light rays)

   Synonyms: krajobraz, pejzaż

3. film, movie, image; banger (feature presentation of images, especially a good one)

   Synonym: film

4. image (representation of reality on the screen of an electronic device)

   Synonym: wizja

5. image (observed or remembered situation)

   Synonym: scena

6. holistic description (thorough explanation of something)

   Synonym: opis

7. image (sight of someone or something)

   Synonym: widok

8. image (idea someone has about something, or someone's opinion about something)

   Synonym: wizerunek

9. scene (part of a theater play, opera or ballet)

   Synonyms: scena, odsłona

10. (mathematics) image (something mapped to by a function)
11. (mathematics) image (subset of a codomain comprising those elements that are images of something)
12. (obsolete, historical) type of tax
13. (obsolete) figure, form; symbol, sign
14. (obsolete) impression; glance
15. (Middle Polish) example, model

    Synonyms: przykład, wzór

16. (Middle Polish) idol (representation of a deity)

    Synonym: bożek

17. (Middle Polish) representation (creation meant to represent something i.e. on an image)

    Synonym: reprezentacja

18. (Middle Polish) imagination

    Synonym: wyobrażenie

19. (Middle Polish) reflection (result of copying from an example or model)
20. (Middle Polish) equivalent; reference
21. (Middle Polish) reflection (image of something on a shiny surface)

    Synonym: odbicie

22. (Middle Polish) shadow (something fleeting)
23. (Middle Polish) being; person, character
24. (Middle Polish) block (square slab of marble or other expensive stone used for lining walls)
25. (Middle Polish) map of the sky (paths in the sky along which the heavenly bodies move)

Declension

Declension of obraz

	singular	plural
nominative	obraz	obrazy
genitive	obrazu	obrazów
dative	obrazowi	obrazom
accusative	obraz	obrazy
instrumental	obrazem	obrazami
locative	obrazie	obrazach
vocative	obrazie	obrazy

Derived terms

nouns

• obraz kliniczny
• obraz nędzy i rozpaczy
• żywy obraz

prepositions

• na obraz i podobieństwo

proverbs

• Gadał dziad do obrazu, a obraz do niego ani razu

verbs

• patrzeć jak w obraz impf

Related terms

adverbs

• obrazowo

nouns

• obrazeczek
• obrazowość

verbs

• patrzeć jak w obraz impf

verbs

• przeobrazić pf, przeobrażać impf
• wyobrazić pf, wyobrażać impf

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), obraz is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 37 times in scientific texts, 12 times in news, 22 times in essays, 21 times in fiction, and 9 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 101 times, making it the 623rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Etymology 2

See obraza.

Noun

obraz m inan

1. (Eastern Lublin, Krynice and Kryniczki) alternative form of obraza

   z wielgiego obrazu ― out of great offense

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

obraz f

1. genitive plural of obraza

Further reading

• “obraz”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[3] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “obraz”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[4] (in Polish)
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), “obraz”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “OBRAZ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 17.04.2023
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “obraz”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “obraz”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “obraz”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 500
• Jan Karłowicz (1903), “obraz”, in Hieronim Łopaciński, Wacław Taczanowski, editors, Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 3: L do O, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 367
• obraz in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic образъ (obrazŭ), from Proto-Slavic *obrazъ.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

obraz m (plural obraji)

1. countenance
2. cheek
3. (slang) buttock

   Synonym: bucă

Declension

	singular	plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	obraz	obrazul	obraji	obrajii
genitive-dative	obraz	obrazului	obraji	obrajilor
vocative	obrazule	obrajilor

Derived terms

• obraznic
• obrăznicie

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *obrazъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǒbraz/
• Hyphenation: o‧braz

Noun

òbraz m inan (Cyrillic spelling о̀браз)

1. cheek
2. honor
3. face

Declension

Declension of obraz

	singular	plural
nominative	obraz	obrazi
genitive	obraza	obraza
dative	obrazu	obrazima
accusative	obraz	obraze
vocative	obraze	obrazi
locative	obrazu	obrazima
instrumental	obrazom	obrazima

Related terms

• rȇz
• rȅzati

See also

• lice
• čast

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak obraz, from Proto-Slavic *obrazъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from obraziť.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔbras/, [ˈɔbras]
• Rhymes: -ɔbras
• Hyphenation: ob‧raz

Noun

obraz m inan (relational adjective obrazový, diminutive obrázok or obrážtek, augmentative obrazisko)

1. image, picture, painting
2. (mathematics) image (something mapped to by a function)

   Antonym: vzor m

Declension

Declension of obraz
(pattern dub)

	singular	plural
nominative	obraz	obrazy
genitive	obrazu	obrazov
dative	obrazu	obrazom
accusative	obraz	obrazy
locative	obraze	obrazoch
instrumental	obrazom	obrazmi

Related terms

• obraznosť
• obrazný
• obrazovka f
• obrazový m
• vyobraziť
• zobraziť

Further reading

• “obraz”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *obrazъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔbrás/

Noun

obrȁz m inan

1. (anatomy) face

Declension

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	obràz
gen. sing.	obráza
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	obràz	obráza	obrázi
genitive (rodȋlnik)	obráza	obrázov	obrázov
dative (dajȃlnik)	obrázu	obrázoma	obrázom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	obràz	obráza	obráze
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	obrázu	obrázih	obrázih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	obrázom	obrázoma	obrázi

Derived terms

• obrázen

Further reading

• “obraz”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026