moch

See also: Appendix:Variations of "moch"

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish moch (“early”), from Proto-Brythonic *mox (“soon, early”), from Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs.

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /mˠux/ ~ /mɔx/; /mɯx/
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /mˠox/ ~ /mˠux/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /mˠõh/

Adjective

moch (genitive singular masculine moch, genitive singular feminine moiche, plural mocha, comparative moiche)

1. early

   Synonym: luath

Declension

Declension of moch

Positive	singular	plural
masculine	feminine	strong noun	weak noun
nominative	moch	mhoch	mocha; mhocha2
vocative	mhoch	mocha
genitive	moiche	mocha	moch
dative	moch; mhoch1	mhoch	mocha; mhocha2
Comparative	níos moiche
Superlative	is moiche

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

• dea-mhoch (“good and early”)
• mochánach (“early riser”)
• mochdháil (“early morning”)
• mochdhúnadh (“early closing”)

Related terms

• mochóirí (“early rising; early riser”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of moch

radical	lenition	eclipsis
moch	mhoch	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927), “moċ”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 754; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “moch”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “moch”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “moch”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026

Old Irish

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Brythonic *mox (“soon, early”), from Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs, whence also Sanskrit मक्षू (makṣū, “fast; early”), Avestan 𐬨𐬊𐬱𐬎 (mošu, “soon, quickly”), Latin mox (“soon”). Doublet of mos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmox/

Adjective

moch

1. early

Declension

o/ā-stem

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	moch	moch	moch
vocative	muich* moch**
accusative	moch	muich
genitive	muich	muiche	muich
dative	much	muich	much
plural	masculine	feminine/neuter
nominative	muich	mocha
vocative	muchu mocha†
accusative	muchu mocha†
genitive	moch
dative	mochaib

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Related terms

• mos (“soon”)

Descendants

• Irish: moch
• Manx: mogh
• Scottish Gaelic: moch

Adverb

moch

1. early, betimes

Mutation

Mutation of moch

radical	lenition	nasalization
moch also mmoch in h-prothesis environments	moch pronounced with /β̃-/	moch also mmoch

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “moch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Polish

Etymology

Clipping of Moskal + -ch.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɔx/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔx
• Syllabification: moch

Noun

moch m pers

1. (slang) Russian person

Declension

Declension of moch

	singular	plural
nominative	moch	mochy
genitive	mocha	mochów
dative	mochowi	mochom
accusative	mocha	mochów
instrumental	mochem	mochami
locative	mochu	mochach
vocative	mochu	mochy

Further reading

• “moch”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[4] (in Polish)

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish moch (“early”), from Proto-Brythonic *mox (“soon, early”), from Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs

Pronunciation

• (Lewis) IPA^(key): /mox/
• (Uist, Skye) IPA^(key): /mɔx/

Adjective

moch

1. early

Derived terms

• mocheirigh
• mochthrath
• o mhoch gu dubh

Adverb

moch

1. early, betimes, soon

Mutation

Mutation of moch

radical	lenition
moch	mhoch

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Edward Dwelly (1911), “moch”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “moch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mъ̀xъ, *mъ̏xъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmɔx/
• Rhymes: -ɔx
• Hyphenation: moch
• Syllabification: moch

Noun

moch m inan (diminutive móšk)

1. moss

Declension

Declension of moch (masculine velar stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	moch	mochaj	mochi
genitive	mocha	mochow	mochow
dative	mochej	mochomaj	mocham
accusative	moch	mochaj	mochi
instrumental	mochom	mochomaj	mochami
locative	mochu, moše	mochomaj	mochach
vocative	mocho	mochaj	mochi

Derived terms

adjectives

• mochaty
• mochojty
• mochowy

nouns

• mochojćina f
• mochowina f
• mochowišćo n
• mochownička f
• móšk m inan

verbs

• mochojćić impf

Further reading

• “moch”, in Mudra corpus [Upper Sorbian–Czech dictionary] (in Czech), 2024–2026
• “moch” in Soblex

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /moːχ/
• Rhymes: -oːχ

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *mox (“pig”), from Proto-Celtic *mokkus.

Noun

moch (plural, singular mochyn m)

1. pigs, swine, hogs
   1. (figuratively) greedy, dirty, lazy, drunk, or immoral persons
2. (mining) small pumps used underground in coal mines to remove water
3. crushers (in quarrying)
4. ridging-ploughs
5. segments (of orange, etc.)

   Synonyms: rhannau, ewinedd, sugennau

Derived terms

• cig moch (“pork”)
• clais moch (“garden clary”)
• cloron y moch (“summer truffles”)
• daearfoch, moch daear (“badgers”)
• fel piso mochyn (yn yr eira) (“crooked”, literally “like pig's piss (in the snow)”)
• ffenigl y moch (“hog's fennnel”)
• mae gan foch bach glustiau (mawr) (“not in front of the children”)
• moch coed (“pine cones; woodlice; wild boar”)
• moch cwta, moch Gini, moch India, moch tair (“guinea pigs”)
• mochaidd (“filthy”)
• mochi (“to act like a pig”)

Related terms

• baedd (“boar”)
• hwch (“sow”)
• porchell (“piglet”)
• twrch (“barrow”)

Etymology 2

From Middle Welsh moch, from Proto-Brythonic *mox (“early, soon”), from Proto-Celtic *moxs, from Proto-Indo-European *moḱs, whence also Sanskrit मक्षू (makṣū, “fast; early”), Avestan 𐬨𐬊𐬱𐬎 (mošu, “soon, quickly”), Latin mox (“soon”).

Adverb

moch

1. (obsolete) soon, early

Mutation

Mutated forms of moch

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
moch	foch	unchanged	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology 3

Noun

moch

1. nasal mutation of boch (“cheek”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of boch

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
boch	foch	moch	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “moch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies