era

See also: Appendix:Variations of "era"

Languages (40)

Translingual • English

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

era

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Eravallan.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Eravallan terms

English

Alternative forms

• aera, æra (archaic)

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

Pronunciation

• enPR: îrʹə:
  • (Received Pronunciation, Australian) IPA^(key): /ˈɪə.ɹə/, [ˈɪə̯.ɹə ~ ˈɪː.ɹə]

    • Audio (UK); [ˈiː.ɹə]:

      (file)

  • (New Zealand) IPA^(key): /iə.ɹə/, [ˈi̞ə̯.ɹə ~ ˈiː.ɹə]
  • (Scotland) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ɾə/, [ˈiː.ɾə]
  • (East Anglia, cheer–chair merger) IPA^(key): /ˈɛː.ɹə/, [ˈɛ̝.ɹə ~ ˈe̞ː.ɹə]
  • (Northumbria) IPA^(key): /ˈiː.ɹɐ/
  • Rhymes: -ɪəɹə
  • Homophone: airer (non-rhotic, cheer–chair merger)
• (US) enPR: ĕrʹə, îrʹə; IPA^(key): /ˈɛɹ.ə/, /ˈɪɚ.ə/

  • Audio (US); /ˈɛɹ.ə/:

    (file)

  • Homophone: error (/ˈɛɹ.ə/, non-rhotic)
• (South Asia) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ra/, [ɛ(ː).ɾäˑ]
• Rhymes: -ɛɹə, -ɪəɹə
• Hyphenation: e‧ra

Noun

era (plural eras)

1. A time period of indeterminate length, generally more than one year.
   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 6, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

     Even in an era when individuality in dress is a cult, his clothes were noticeable. He was wearing a hard hat of the low round kind favoured by hunting men, and with it a black duffle-coat lined with white.

   • 2012 January, Philip E. Mirowski, “Harms to Health from the Pursuit of Profits”, in American Scientist‎^[2], volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 4 April 2012, page 87:

     In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance.

2. (geology) A geochronologic unit of tens to hundreds of millions of years; a subdivision of an eon, and subdivided into periods.
3. (informal) An indefinite period of time in one’s life characterized by a particular interest.

Synonyms

• (time period of indeterminate length): age, epoch, period
• See also Thesaurus:era

Hyponyms

• (cosmological time unit): stelliferous era, degenerate era, black hole era
• (geochronologic unit): Cenozoic era, erathem, Mesozoic era, Paleozoic era

Coordinate terms

geological time unitsedit

• supereon
• aeon ~ eon
• era
• period
• epoch
• age, sub-epoch

Derived terms

• beautiful era
• bubble era
• classical era
• dead-ball era
• era-defining
• era name
• Fleabag era
• flop era
• geologic era
• golden era
• live-ball era
• modern era
• our era
• Planck era
• rainbow era

Translations

time period

Albanian: erë (sq) f, mot (sq) Arabic: عَصْر (ar) m (ʕaṣr), عُصُور (ar) m pl (ʕuṣūr), زَمَان (ar) m (zamān) Armenian: դարաշրջան (hy) (darašrǰan), ժամանակաշրջան (hy) (žamanakašrǰan) Asturian: era (ast) f, época (ast) f Azerbaijani: əsr (az), dövr (az), era, zaman (az) Bashkir: дәүер (dəwer), заман (zaman) Belarusian: э́ра f (éra), эпо́ха f (epóxa) Bengali: যুগ (bn) (jug), কাল (bn) (kal), জমানা (bn) (jomana) Breton: amzervezh f, hoalad m Bulgarian: е́ра (bg) f (éra), епо́ха (bg) f (epóha) Burmese: ခေတ် (my) (hket), ယုဂ် (my) (yug) Catalan: era (ca) f, època (ca) f, període (ca) m Chinese: Mandarin: 時代 / 时代 (zh) (shídài), 紀元 / 纪元 (zh) (jìyuán) Czech: éra (cs) f, epocha (cs) f, období (cs) n Danish: æra c Dutch: tijdperk (nl) n, periode (nl) f, era (nl) m, tijdrekening (nl) f Egyptian: (rk) Esperanto: erao Estonian: ajastu (et) Finnish: aikakausi (fi), ajanjakso (fi), aika (fi) French: ère (fr) f, période (fr) f, époque (fr) f Galician: era (gl) f, época (gl) f Georgian: დრო (ka) (dro), ერა (era) German: Ära (de) f, Epoche (de) f Greek: περίοδος (el) f (períodos), εποχή (el) f (epochí) Hebrew: עידן \ עִדָּן (he) m (idán), תְּקוּפָה (he) f (tkufá) Hindi: युग (hi) m (yug), अनुयुग m (anuyug), ज़माना m (zamānā), काल (hi) m (kāl) Hungarian: kor (hu), korszak (hu), éra (hu) Ido: ero (io) Indonesian: era (id), masa (id), jaman (id), periode (id) Italian: era (it) f, epoca (it) f Japanese: 時代 (ja) (じだい, jidai), 紀元 (ja) (きげん, kigen) Kabuverdianu: idadi Kazakh: дәуір (däuır), заман (zaman) Khmer: សម័យ (km) (saʼmay), កាល (km) (kaal), យុគ (km) (yuk) Korean: 시대(時代) (ko) (sidae), 기원(紀元) (ko) (giwon) Kurdish: Northern Kurdish: dewr (ku), zeman (ku) Kyrgyz: доор (ky) (door), эра (era), заман (ky) (zaman) Lao: ຍຸກ (nyuk), ສະໃໝ (sa mai), ສໄມ (sa mai) Latin: aetas (la) f Latvian: ēra f, laikmets m Lithuanian: era (lt) f Macedonian: ера f (era) Malay: masa (ms), zaman (ms), tarikh (ms) Manchu: ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ (aniya) Marathi: काळ m (kāḷ), युग n (yug) Mongolian: Cyrillic: цаг (mn) (cag), үе (mn) (üje), эрин үе (erin üje) Norwegian: Bokmål: æra (no) m, tidsalder m, epoke (no) m, tidsepoke m Nynorsk: æra m, tidsalder m, epoke m, tidsepoke m Pashto: دوره (ps) f (dawrá), عصر (ps) m (asᶕr), زمانه (ps) f (zamāná, zəmāná) Persian: Iranian Persian: عَصْر (fa) (asr), دُورِه (fa) (dowre), زَمان (fa) (zamân), زَمانِه (fa) (zamâne), دُوران (fa) (dowrân) Polish: era (pl) f Portuguese: era (pt) f, época (pt) f Romanian: eră (ro) f, epocă (ro) f, perioadă (ro) f Russian: э́ра (ru) f (éra), эпо́ха (ru) f (epóxa) Sanskrit: युग (sa) n (yuga) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: е́ра f Latin: éra (sh) f Slovak: obdobie (sk) n, éra (sk) f, epocha (sk) f Slovene: era f Spanish: época (es) f, era (es) f, período (es) m, evo (es) m (poetic) Swedish: era (sv) c, tidevarv (sv) n Tagalog: higtion Tajik: давр (davr), давра (davra), аср (asr), замон (tg) (zamon), замона (zamona) Tatar: заман (tt) (zaman), дәвер (tt) (däwer) Telugu: శకం (te) (śakaṁ), యుగం (te) (yugaṁ) Thai: สมัย (th) (sà-mǎi), กาล (th) (gaan), ยุค (th) (yúk) Turkish: çağ (tr), devir (tr), asır (tr), çığır (tr) Turkmen: döwür, zaman (tk) Udmurt: вапум (vapum) Ukrainian: е́ра (uk) f (éra), епо́ха (uk) f (epóxa) Urdu: زَمانَہ m (zamāna) دَور m (daur), عَصْر m ('asr), زَمان m (zamān) Uyghur: دەۋر (dewr) Uzbek: davr (uz), era (uz), epoxa (uz), asr (uz), zamon (uz) Vietnamese: thời đại (vi) (時代), kỉ nguyên (vi) (紀元) Zazaki: dem (diq), dewr (diq)

geochronologic unit

Arabic: حِقْبَة f (ḥiqba) Chinese: Mandarin: 代 (zh) (dài) Finnish: maailmankausi (fi) German: Erdzeitalter (de) n Hebrew: עִדָּן (he) m (idán) Swedish: era (sv) c Tagalog: higtion Zazaki: serdem

Further reading

• era on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• 'ear, Åre, ear, Rea, rea, EAR, REA, aer-, A.R.E., ReA, ARE, aër-, Are, Aer, are, Rae

Albanian

Noun

era

1. definite nominative singular of erë

Asturian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeɾa/ [ˈe.ɾa]
• Rhymes: -eɾa
• Syllabification: e‧ra

Etymology 1

From Late Latin aera.

Noun

era f (plural eres)

1. era (time period)

   Synonyms: dómina, época

Etymology 2

From Latin area.

Alternative forms

• yera
• eira (Western)

Noun

era f (plural eres)

1. (agriculture) (specially a small) seedbed or tree plantation
2. threshing floor
3. (agriculture) barren field or section of a field
4. (agriculture) barren area due to it being stepped on
5. (cider making) place where crushed apples are put to be squeezed
6. (brick making) place where unfinished bricks or shingles are placed to be heated

References

• García Arias, Xosé Lluis (2002–2004), “era”, in Diccionario general de la lengua asturiana [General Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (overall work in Spanish), Editorial Prensa Asturiana, →ISBN
• “era”, in Diccionariu de la llingua asturiana [Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Asturian), 1st edition, Academy of the Asturian Language [Asturian: Academia de la Llingua Asturiana], 2000, →ISBN

Azerbaijani

Other scripts

Cyrillic	ера
Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian э́ра (éra), ultimately from Late Latin aera.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈeɾɑ]

• Audio (Baku):

  (file)

Noun

era (definite accusative eranı, plural eralar)

1. era

   yeni eraya qədəm qoymaq ― to enter a new era

   eramızdan əvvəl ― before the common era

Declension

Declension of era

	singular	plural
nominative	era	eralar
definite accusative	eranı	eraları
dative	eraya	eralara
locative	erada	eralarda
ablative	eradan	eralardan
definite genitive	eranın	eraların

Possessive forms of era

	nominative
singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	eram	eralarım
sənin (“your”)	eran	eraların
onun (“his/her/its”)	erası	eraları
bizim (“our”)	eramız	eralarımız
sizin (“your”)	eranız	eralarınız
onların (“their”)	erası or eraları	eraları
	accusative
singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	eramı	eralarımı
sənin (“your”)	eranı	eralarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	erasını	eralarını
bizim (“our”)	eramızı	eralarımızı
sizin (“your”)	eranızı	eralarınızı
onların (“their”)	erasını or eralarını	eralarını
	dative
singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	erama	eralarıma
sənin (“your”)	erana	eralarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	erasına	eralarına
bizim (“our”)	eramıza	eralarımıza
sizin (“your”)	eranıza	eralarınıza
onların (“their”)	erasına or eralarına	eralarına
	locative
singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	eramda	eralarımda
sənin (“your”)	eranda	eralarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	erasında	eralarında
bizim (“our”)	eramızda	eralarımızda
sizin (“your”)	eranızda	eralarınızda
onların (“their”)	erasında or eralarında	eralarında
	ablative
singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	eramdan	eralarımdan
sənin (“your”)	erandan	eralarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	erasından	eralarından
bizim (“our”)	eramızdan	eralarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	eranızdan	eralarınızdan
onların (“their”)	erasından or eralarından	eralarından
	genitive
singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	eramın	eralarımın
sənin (“your”)	eranın	eralarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	erasının	eralarının
bizim (“our”)	eramızın	eralarımızın
sizin (“your”)	eranızın	eralarınızın
onların (“their”)	erasının or eralarının	eralarının

Further reading

• Orucov, Əliheydər, editor (2006), “era”, in Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti [Explanatory Dictionary of the Azerbaijani Language]‎^[3] (in Azerbaijani), 2nd edition, volume 2, Baku: Şərq-Qərb, page 31
• Altun Kitab (2013–), “era”, in Azleks

Basque

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

era inan

1. manner

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈe̞.ɾə]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central) [ˈe.ɾə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈe.ɾa]
• Rhymes: -eɾa

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

Noun

era f (plural eres)

1. era (time period)

   Synonym: època

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin ārea (“open space; threshing floor”). Compare the borrowed doublet àrea.

Noun

era f (plural eres)

1. small section of arable land destined for cultivation

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

era

1. first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of ser
2. first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of ésser

Further reading

• “era”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “era”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “era” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “era”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Chavacano

Etymology

Inherited from Spanish era (“was”).

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: e‧ra

Adverb

era

1. almost; nearly

   Ya olvida yo era habla con ele.

   I almost forgot to tell him.

2. used to express an unrealized intention or situation

   Ya dale era yo el libro na de mio amigo.

   I should have given the book to my friend.

Chuukese

Verb

era

1. (intransitive) to say

Related terms

• ereni

Creek

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Muskogean *θali.

Pronunciation

• (Oklahoma) IPA^(key): [ɪɬɑ́ˑ]
• Hyphenation: e‧ra

Noun

era

1. his/her back

Declension

Declension of era

Absolutive	era
Subjective	erat
Objective	eran

Possessive inflection of era (inalienable)

	Singular	Plural
First person	cvra	pora
Second person	cera
Third person	era
Indefinite	estera

References

• J. B. Martin; M. McKane Mauldrin (2004), A dictionary of Creek/Muscogee, University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 31
• J. B. Martin (2011), A grammar of Creek (Muscogee), University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 134

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin aera.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeː.raː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: era
• Rhymes: -eːraː

Noun

era f (plural era's, no diminutive)

1. era, age, epoch

   Synonyms: eeuw, tijdperk

2. (dated) era, calendar

   Synonym: jaartelling

Descendants

• → Indonesian: era

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈera/
• Rhymes: -era
• Syllabification: e‧ra

Adjective

era (accusative singular eran, plural eraj, accusative plural erajn)

1. adjective form of ero (“bit, piece”)

Fala

Verb

era

1. first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of sel (“to be”)
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IV, Chapter 1: Non Diptongación da “E” i a “O” en Nossa Fala:

     Tampocu era normal en o leonés antiguu, según os estudius dos escritus i textus estudiaus, por ejemplu por Menéndez Pidal, quen tamén viñu i estudió o mañegu.

     Neither was it normal in Old Leonese, according to studies of the writings and the texts studied, by Menéndez Pidal for example, who also came and studied Mañego.

Galician

Verb

era

1. first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of ser

Indonesian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch era, from Latin aera.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈera/ [ˈe.ra]
• Rhymes: -era
• Syllabification: e‧ra

Noun

era (plural era-era)

1. era, age, epoch

Derived terms

• era bonanza minyak
• era demokratisasi
• era digitalisasi
• era elektrifikasi
• era globalisasi
• era industrialisasi
• era keemasan
• era keterbukaan
• era kolonial
• era kontemporer
• era milenial
• era modern
• era pandemi
• era pascapandemi
• era pembangunan
• era reformasi
• era telekomunikasi
• era transisi

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Hitu [Term?]

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈera/ [ˈe.ra]
• Rhymes: -era
• Syllabification: e‧ra

Noun

era (plural era-era)

1. sago dreg

Further reading

• “era”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Interlingua

Noun

era (plural eras)

1. era

Verb

era

1. optional irregular past tense form of esser ("to be")

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ra/
• Rhymes: -ɛra
• Hyphenation: è‧ra

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

Noun

era f (plural ere)

1. age, epoch, period

   Synonyms: epoca, età

2. (geology) era

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin erat.

Verb

era

1. third-person singular imperfect indicative of essere

Etymology 3

From Latin eram.

Verb

era

1. (obsolete) alternative form of ero, first-person singular imperfect indicative of essere
   • 1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Inferno [Hell], lines 10–12; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

     Io non so ben ridir com’i’ v’intrai, ¶ tant’era pien di sonno a quel punto ¶ che la verace via abbandonai.

     I cannot well repeat how there I entered, ⁠¶ ⁠So full was I of slumber at the moment ¶ ⁠In which I had abandoned the true way.

Anagrams

• -are, Rea, are, rea

Ladino

Verb

era (Hebrew spelling אירה)

1. first-person singular imperfect indicative of ser
2. third-person singular imperfect indicative of ser

Latin

Alternative forms

• hera

Etymology

De Vaan lists the term as a derivative of erus (“master of the family”), in which case presumably from erus +‎ -a. Adams and Mallory suggest a possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₁esh₂éh₂, itself related to Proto-Indo-European *h₁esh₂ós. This theory is premised on the cognancy of Hittite išḫāš and Hittite išḫaššaraš (“lady, mistress”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɛ.ra]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɛː.ra]

Noun

era f (genitive erae, masculine erus); first declension

1. mistress (of a house, with respect to the servants)
2. a female ruler or governor; governeress, ruleress, leaderess

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	era	erae
genitive	erae	erārum
dative	erae	erīs
accusative	eram	erās
ablative	erā	erīs
vocative	era	erae

References

• “era”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “era”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• era in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 1, Hahnsche Buchhandlung
• R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “era”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎^[4], London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC
• "era", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Luganda

Conjunction

era

1. and, and then (only used for occurrences in chronological order)
2. also, too
3. besides

See also

• ne

References

• J. D. Chesswas (1967), The Essentials of Luganda, 4th edition, Nairobi: Oxford University Press, page 95
• Snoxall, R. A. (1967), Luganda-English Dictionary - with an Introduction on the Tonal System, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 59
• Murphy, John D. (1972), Luganda-English Dictionary, United States: The Catholic University of America Press, →ISBN, page 71

Mirandese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeɾa/ [ˈe.ɾɐ]
• Rhymes: -eɾa
• Syllabification: e‧ra

Verb

era

1. first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of ser

Nheengatu

Etymology

Inherited from Old Tupi era.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈera/, (Rio Negro, Solimões) [ˈɛ.ɾɐ]
• Rhymes: -era
• Hyphenation: e‧ra

Noun

era (IIf class pluriform, plural era-itá, absolute era, R1 rera, R2 sera)

1. name

   era rupí ― in the name of

Related terms

• era rupí
• era-rakapira
• era-rana
• eraíma
• musera

References

• Avila, Marcel Twardowsky (2021), “era”, in Proposta de dicionário nheengatu-português [Nheengatu–Portuguese dictionary proposal] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP, →DOI, pages 300–301

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

era

1. (archaic or dialectal) plural present of vera

Occitan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin illa(m), with a /l/ > /r/ shift.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Gascony):

  (file)

Article

era f

1. feminine singular of eth

Pronoun

era

1. (Gascony) she

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō.

Noun

ēra f

1. honour
2. dignity

Inflection

Declension of ēra (feminine ō/ōn-stem noun)

case	singular	plural
nominative	ēra	ēra, ēron
accusative	ēra, ēron	ēra, ēron
genitive	ēron	ērono
dative	ēron	ēron

Derived terms

• unēra

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: êre
  • Dutch: eer
    • Afrikaans: eer
    • Negerhollands: eer
  • Limburgish: ieër

Further reading

• “ēra”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈe.rɑ/
• Rhymes: -e.rɑ

Verb

era

1. imperative singular of erian

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeː.rɑ/
• Rhymes: -eː.rɑ

Noun

ēra

1. genitive plural of ēre

Old High German

FWOTD – 7 April 2014

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō, whence also Old English ār, Old Norse eir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeː.ra/

Noun

ēra f

1. honour
2. renown
3. respect

Declension

Declension of ēra (ō-stem)

case	singular	plural
nominative	ēra	ērā
accusative	ēra	ērā
genitive	ēra	ērōno
dative	ēru	ērōm

Descendants

• Middle High German: ēre
  • Central Franconian:

    Hunsrik: Eher

    Luxembourgish: Éier

  • German: Ehre
  • Rhine Franconian: Ehr, Ihr
  • Vilamovian: ere

References

• Henry Frowde, An Old High German Primer
• Wright, Joseph (1906), An Old High German Primer‎^[5], 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō, whence also Old English ār, Old Norse eir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛː.rɑ/

Noun

ēra f

1. honour
2. renown
3. glory

Declension

era (feminine ō-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	era	era
accusative	era	era
genitive	era, eru, ero	erono
dative	eru, ero, era	eron, erum, erun
instrumental	—	—

Descendants

• Middle Low German: ēre
  • Low German: Ehr, Ehre
  • → Old Norse: æra, eir
    • Danish: ære
    • Icelandic: æra
    • Faroese: æra
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: ære
    • Norwegian Bokmål: ære
    • Swedish: ära
    • Icelandic: eir m or n
    • ⇒ Faroese: eirdómur, eirgingin, eirgrønur, eiring
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: eir n
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: eir n
    • Old Swedish: ēr
      • Swedish: ärg c
    • Danish: ir c
      • Norwegian Bokmål: irr n

Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *teT, from Proto-Tupian *jeT.

Cognate with Paraguayan Guarani téra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ɾa/
• Rhymes: -eɾa
• Hyphenation: e‧ra

Noun

era (possessable, IIa class pluriform, absolute tera, R1 rera, R2 sera)

1. name

Derived terms

• er
• erakûatiasaba
• erapûana
• ere'yma

Descendants

• Nheengatu: era
• →⇒ Portuguese: xará

Further reading

• Antônio Lemos Barbosa (1956), Curso de tupi antigo: gramática, exercícios, textos [Course of Old Tupi: Grammar, Exercises, Texts]‎^[6] (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Livraria São José
• Navarro, Eduardo de Almeida (2013), “era”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil ] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 109, column 1

Polish

Etymology

Internationalism; compare English era, French ère, German Ära, ultimately from Late Latin aera.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ra/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛra
• Syllabification: e‧ra

Noun

era f

1. era

Declension

Declension of era

	singular	plural
nominative	era	ery
genitive	ery	er
dative	erze	erom
accusative	erę	ery
instrumental	erą	erami
locative	erze	erach
vocative	ero	ery

Related terms

• n.e.
• p.n.e.

Further reading

• “era”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[7] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “era”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[8] (in Polish)

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ɾɐ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.ɾɐ/

• Rhymes: -ɛɾɐ
• Homophones: hera, Hera
• Hyphenation: e‧ra

• Audio (Brazil (Caipira)):

  (file)

• Audio (Brazil (São Paulo)):

  (file)

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

Noun

era f (plural eras)

1. era (time period of indeterminate length, generally more than one year)

   Synonym: época

2. (archaeology) age (period of human prehistory)

   Synonym: idade

3. (geology) era (unit of time, smaller than aeons and greater than periods)

Derived terms

• era antropozóica
• era cenozóica
• era cristã
• era da pedra
• era da pedra lascada
• era da pedra polida
• era digital
• era do bronze
• era do ferro
• era mesozóica
• era paleozóica
• era proterozóica

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin eram and erat.

Verb

era

1. first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of ser

Further reading

• “era”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “era”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Rapa Nui

Etymology

From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *e-la. Cognates include Tuamotuan era and Māori ērā.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈe.ɾa/
• Hyphenation: e‧ra

Determiner

era

1. that

   Te vaka era. ― That canoe.

See also

Rapa Nui demonstratives

	neutral	proximal	medial	distal
demonstrative determiners	tū, hū1)	nei, nī2)	nā	rā
postnuclear demonstratives	—	nei	ena	era
demonstrative pronouns	ira	nei	nā	rā
demonstrative locationals	—	nei	nā	rā

¹⁾ emphatic   ²⁾ rare

References

• Veronica Du Feu (1996), Rapanui (Descriptive Grammars), Routledge, →ISBN, page 145
• Paulus Kieviet (2017), A grammar of Rapa Nui‎^[9], Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, page 194

Romanian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jeˈra]
• IPA^(key): [eˈra]

Verb

era

1. third-person singular imperfect indicative of fi: he/she was (being)

   el era pierdut

   he was lost

   el era sarcastic

   he was being sarcastic

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈera]

Noun

era f

1. definite nominative/accusative singular of eră

Rwanda-Rundi

Verb

-êra (infinitive kwêra, perfective -êze)

1. be white
2. be pure, be innocent
3. be holy
4. be ripe

Derived terms

• icyumweru / icumweru (“week”)
• umwera (“white person”)
• umweru (“something white”)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ěːra/
• Hyphenation: e‧ra

Noun

éra f (Cyrillic spelling е́ра)

1. era

Declension

Declension of era

	singular	plural
nominative	éra	ere
genitive	ere	ȇrā
dative	eri	erama
accusative	eru	ere
vocative	ero	ere
locative	eri	erama
instrumental	erom	erama

Southern Kiwai

Noun

era

1. tree

References

• Andrew Pawley et al., "The Trans New Guinea family", in The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide (2018, →ISBN)

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeɾa/ [ˈe.ɾa]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɾa
• Syllabification: e‧ra

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

era

1. first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of ser

See also

• estaba

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Late Latin aera.

Noun

era f (plural eras)

1. era, age

   la Nueva Era ― New Age

2. (geology) era

Derived terms

• era común
• era cristiana
• era de César
• era de Cristo

Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin ārea. Compare the borrowed doublet área.

Noun

era f (plural eras)

1. threshing floor
2. tipple

Further reading

• “era”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eːra/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: e‧ra

Etymology 1

From Old Norse yðr, yðar, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz.

Alternative forms

• edra (archaic)

Pronoun

era (singular form er)

1. (possessive) your, yours (possessed by the multiple individuals addressed, of multiple things)

   Är det här era spelkulor, pojkar?

   Are these your marbles, boys?

2. you (vocative determiner used before a plural noun, regardless of gender)

   Era jävla idioter!

   You bloody idiots!

   Era svin!

   You assholes [swine]!

Declension

Swedish personal pronouns

Number	Person		nominative	oblique	possessive
common	neuter	plural
singular	first	—	jag	mig, mej3	min	mitt	mina
second	—	du	dig, dej3	din	ditt	dina
third	masculine (person)	han	honom, han2, en5	hans
feminine (person)	hon	henne, na5	hennes
gender-neutral (person)1	hen	hen, henom7	hens
common (noun)	den	den	dess
neuter (noun)	det	det	dess
indefinite	man or en4	en	ens
reflexive	—	sig, sej3	sin	sitt	sina
plural	first	—	vi	oss	vår, våran2	vårt, vårat2	våra
second	—	ni	er	er, eran2, ers6	ert, erat2	era
archaic	I	eder	eder, eders6	edert	edra
third	—	de, dom3	dem, dom3	deras
reflexive	—	sig, sej3	sin	sitt	sina

¹Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, though it remains limited.

²Informal

³Colloquial pronunciation spelling.

⁴Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.

⁵Informal, somewhat dialectal

⁶Formal address

⁷Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

Etymology 2

From Latin aera.

Noun

era c

1. an era

Declension

Declension of era

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	era	eras
definite	eran	erans
plural	indefinite	eror	erors
definite	erorna	erornas

References

• “er”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “er”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “er”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Anagrams

• -are, rea

Tause

Noun

era

1. water

See also

• ira (Weirate and Deirate dialects)

References

• Duane A. Clouse, 1997, Toward a reconstruction and reclassification of the Lakes Plain languages of Irian Jaya, In Karl J. Franklin (ed.), Papers in Papuan linguistics No. 2, 133-236. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, page 172

Tooro

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-jéda (“to shine”), potentially from Proto-Atlantic-Congo *jel- (“to shine, to be white”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /éːɾa/

Verb

-era (infinitive okwera) (intransitive)

1. to be white; to become white
2. to be or become clean

   Synonym: -ecumi (adjective)

3. (chiefly of millet and other crops) to be or become ripe

   Synonym: (chiefly of fruits) -enga

4. to be or become holy

   Ekitabu Ekirukwera ― the Holy Bible

5. (of the king) to smile

Conjugation

Conjugation of -era

infinitives affirmative okwera negative okuteera imperatives affirmative yera negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms) tense polarity basic forms relative forms1 present habitual affirmative subject concord + -era person noun class singular plural first person nyera twera second person oyera mwera third person 1/2 ayera beera 3/4 gwera eyera 5/6 lyera geera 7/8 kyera byera 9/10 eyera zeera 11/10 rwera 12/14 keera bwera 13 — twera 14/6 bwera geera 15/6 kwera 16 heera — negative ti- + subject concord + -era person noun class singular plural first person tinyera titwera second person toyera timwera third person 1/2 tayera tibeera 3/4 tigwera teyera 5/6 tiryera tigeera 7/8 tikyera tibyera 9/10 teyera tizeera 11/10 tirwera 12/14 tikeera tibwera 13 — titwera 14/6 tibwera tigeera 15/6 tikwera 16 tiheera — subject concord + -teera present continuous affirmative ni- + subject concord + -era person noun class singular plural first person ninyera nitwera second person nooyera nimwera third person 1/2 naayera nibeera 3/4 nigwera neeyera 5/6 niryera nigeera 7/8 nikyera nibyera 9/10 neeyera nizeera 11/10 nirwera 12/14 nikeera nibwera 13 — nitwera 14/6 nibwera nigeera 15/6 nikwera 16 niheera — subject concord + -rukwera negative ti- + subject concord + -rukwera person noun class singular plural first person tindukwera titurukwera second person torukwera timurukwera third person 1/2 tarukwera tibarukwera 3/4 tigurukwera terukwera 5/6 tirirukwera tigarukwera 7/8 tikirukwera tibirukwera 9/10 terukwera tizirukwera 11/10 tirurukwera 12/14 tikarukwera tiburukwera 13 — titurukwera 14/6 tiburukwera tigarukwera 15/6 tikurukwera 16 tiharukwera — subject concord + -tarukwera present continuative affirmative ni- + subject concord + -kyayera person noun class singular plural first person ninkyayera nitukyayera second person nookyayera nimukyayera third person 1/2 naakyayera nibakyayera 3/4 nigukyayera neekyayera 5/6 nirikyayera nigakyayera 7/8 nikikyayera nibikyayera 9/10 neekyayera nizikyayera 11/10 nirukyayera 12/14 nikakyayera nibukyayera 13 — nitukyayera 14/6 nibukyayera nigakyayera 15/6 nikukyayera 16 nihakyayera — subject concord + -rukukyayera negative ti- + subject concord + -kyayera person noun class singular plural first person tinkyayera titukyayera second person tokyayera timukyayera third person 1/2 takyayera tibakyayera 3/4 tigukyayera tekyayera 5/6 tirikyayera tigakyayera 7/8 tikikyayera tibikyayera 9/10 tekyayera tizikyayera 11/10 tirukyayera 12/14 tikakyayera tibukyayera 13 — titukyayera 14/6 tibukyayera tigakyayera 15/6 tikukyayera 16 tihakyayera — subject concord + -takyayera virtual present affirmative subject concord + -ayera person noun class singular plural first person nayera twayera second person wayera mwayera third person 1/2 yayera baayera 3/4 gwayera yayera 5/6 lyayera gaayera 7/8 kyayera byayera 9/10 yayera zaayera 11/10 rwayera 12/14 kaayera bwayera 13 — twayera 14/6 bwayera gaayera 15/6 kwayera 16 haayera — negative ti- + subject concord + ayera person noun class singular plural first person tinayera titwayera second person tiwayera timwayera third person 1/2 tiyayera tibaayera 3/4 tigwayera tiyayera 5/6 tiryayera tigaayera 7/8 tikyayera tibyayera 9/10 tiyayera tizaayera 11/10 tirwayera 12/14 tikaayera tibwayera 13 — titwayera 14/6 tibwayera tigaayera 15/6 tikwayera 16 tihaayera — subject concord + -taayera present perfect affirmative subject concord + -ezire person noun class singular plural first person nyezire twezire second person oyezire mwezire third person 1/2 ayezire beezire 3/4 gwezire eyezire 5/6 lyezire geezire 7/8 kyezire byezire 9/10 eyezire zeezire 11/10 rwezire 12/14 keezire bwezire 13 — twezire 14/6 bwezire geezire 15/6 kwezire 16 heezire — negative ti- + subject concord + -ezire person noun class singular plural first person tinyezire titwezire second person toyezire timwezire third person 1/2 tayezire tibeezire 3/4 tigwezire teyezire 5/6 tiryezire tigeezire 7/8 tikyezire tibyezire 9/10 teyezire tizeezire 11/10 tirwezire 12/14 tikeezire tibwezire 13 — titwezire 14/6 tibwezire tigeezire 15/6 tikwezire 16 tiheezire — subject concord + -teezire near perfective affirmative subject concord + -akeera person noun class singular plural first person nakeera twakeera second person wakeera mwakeera third person 1/2 yakeera baakeera 3/4 gwakeera yakeera 5/6 lyakeera gaakeera 7/8 kyakeera byakeera 9/10 yakeera zaakeera 11/10 rwakeera 12/14 kaakeera bwakeera 13 — twakeera 14/6 bwakeera gaakeera 15/6 kwakeera 16 haakeera — negative ti- + subject concord + -keezire person noun class singular plural first person tinkeezire titukeezire second person tokeezire timukeezire third person 1/2 takeezire tibakeezire 3/4 tigukeezire tekeezire 5/6 tirikeezire tigakeezire 7/8 tikikeezire tibikeezire 9/10 tekeezire tizikeezire 11/10 tirukeezire 12/14 tikakeezire tibukeezire 13 — titukeezire 14/6 tibukeezire tigakeezire 15/6 tikukeezire 16 tihakeezire — subject concord + -takeezire near past affirmative subject concord + -ezirege person noun class singular plural first person nyezirege twezirege second person oyezirege mwezirege third person 1/2 ayezirege beezirege 3/4 gwezirege eyezirege 5/6 lyezirege geezirege 7/8 kyezirege byezirege 9/10 eyezirege zeezirege 11/10 rwezirege 12/14 keezirege bwezirege 13 — twezirege 14/6 bwezirege geezirege 15/6 kwezirege 16 heezirege — negative ti- + subject concord + -ezirege person noun class singular plural first person tinyezirege titwezirege second person toyezirege timwezirege third person 1/2 tayezirege tibeezirege 3/4 tigwezirege teyezirege 5/6 tiryezirege tigeezirege 7/8 tikyezirege tibyezirege 9/10 teyezirege tizeezirege 11/10 tirwezirege 12/14 tikeezirege tibwezirege 13 — titwezirege 14/6 tibwezirege tigeezirege 15/6 tikwezirege 16 tiheezirege — subject concord + -teezirege remote past affirmative subject concord + -keera person noun class singular plural first person nkeera tukeera second person okeera mukeera third person 1/2 akeera bakeera 3/4 gukeera ekeera 5/6 likeera gakeera 7/8 kikeera bikeera 9/10 ekeera zikeera 11/10 rukeera 12/14 kakeera bukeera 13 — tukeera 14/6 bukeera gakeera 15/6 kukeera 16 hakeera — subject concord + -ayezire negative subject concord + -teere person noun class singular plural first person nteere tuteere second person oteere muteere third person 1/2 ateere bateere 3/4 guteere eteere 5/6 liteere gateere 7/8 kiteere biteere 9/10 eteere ziiteere 11/10 ruteere 12/14 kateere buteere 13 — tuteere 14/6 buteere gateere 15/6 kuteere 16 hateere — subject concord + -tarayezire experiential perfective affirmative subject concord + -rayezire person noun class singular plural first person ndayezire turayezire second person orayezire murayezire third person 1/2 arayezire barayezire 3/4 gurayezire erayezire 5/6 lirayezire garayezire 7/8 kirayezire birayezire 9/10 erayezire zirayezire 11/10 rurayezire 12/14 karayezire burayezire 13 — turayezire 14/6 burayezire garayezire 15/6 kurayezire 16 harayezire — negative ti- + subject concord + -keeraga person noun class singular plural first person tinkeeraga titukeeraga second person tokeeraga timukeeraga third person 1/2 takeeraga tibakeeraga 3/4 tigukeeraga tekeeraga 5/6 tirikeeraga tigakeeraga 7/8 tikikeeraga tibikeeraga 9/10 tekeeraga tizikeeraga 11/10 tirukeeraga 12/14 tikakeeraga tibukeeraga 13 — titukeeraga 14/6 tibukeeraga tigakeeraga 15/6 tikukeeraga 16 tihakeeraga — subject concord + -takeeraga cessative perfective affirmative subject concord + -aayezire person noun class singular plural first person naayezire twayezire second person waayezire mwayezire third person 1/2 yaayezire baayezire 3/4 gwayezire yaayezire 5/6 lyayezire gaayezire 7/8 kyayezire byayezire 9/10 yaayezire zaayezire 11/10 rwayezire 12/14 kaayezire bwayezire 13 — twayezire 14/6 bwayezire gaayezire 15/6 kwayezire 16 haayezire — past habitual affirmative subject concord + -ayeraga person noun class singular plural first person nayeraga twayeraga second person wayeraga mwayeraga third person 1/2 yayeraga baayeraga 3/4 gwayeraga yayeraga 5/6 lyayeraga gaayeraga 7/8 kyayeraga byayeraga 9/10 yayeraga zaayeraga 11/10 rwayeraga 12/14 kaayeraga bwayeraga 13 — twayeraga 14/6 bwayeraga gaayeraga 15/6 kwayeraga 16 haayeraga — negative ti- + subject concord + ayeraga person noun class singular plural first person tinayeraga titwayeraga second person tiwayeraga timwayeraga third person 1/2 tiyayeraga tibaayeraga 3/4 tigwayeraga tiyayeraga 5/6 tiryayeraga tigaayeraga 7/8 tikyayeraga tibyayeraga 9/10 tiyayeraga tizaayeraga 11/10 tirwayeraga 12/14 tikaayeraga tibwayeraga 13 — titwayeraga 14/6 tibwayeraga tigaayeraga 15/6 tikwayeraga 16 tihaayeraga — subject concord + -taayeraga near future affirmative subject concord + -raayera person noun class singular plural first person ndaayera turaayera second person oraayera muraayera third person 1/2 araayera baraayera 3/4 guraayera eraayera 5/6 liraayera garaayera 7/8 kiraayera biraayera 9/10 eraayera ziraayera 11/10 ruraayera 12/14 karaayera buraayera 13 — turaayera 14/6 buraayera garaayera 15/6 kuraayera 16 haraayera — negative ti- + subject concord + -aayere person noun class singular plural first person tinaayere titwayere second person tiwaayere timwayere third person 1/2 tiyaayere tibaayere 3/4 tigwayere tiyaayere 5/6 tiryayere tigaayere 7/8 tikyayere tibyayere 9/10 tiyaayere tizaayere 11/10 tirwayere 12/14 tikaayere tibwayere 13 — titwayere 14/6 tibwayere tigaayere 15/6 tikwayere 16 tihaayere — subject concord + -taayere remote future affirmative subject concord + -lyera person noun class singular plural first person ndyera tulyera second person olyera mulyera third person 1/2 alyera balyera 3/4 gulyera eryera 5/6 liryera galyera 7/8 kiryera biryera 9/10 eryera ziryera 11/10 rulyera 12/14 kalyera bulyera 13 — tulyera 14/6 bulyera galyera 15/6 kulyera 16 halyera — negative ti- + subject concord + -lyera person noun class singular plural first person tindyera titulyera second person tolyera timulyera third person 1/2 talyera tibalyera 3/4 tigulyera teryera 5/6 tiriryera tigalyera 7/8 tikiryera tibiryera 9/10 teryera tiziryera 11/10 tirulyera 12/14 tikalyera tibulyera 13 — titulyera 14/6 tibulyera tigalyera 15/6 tikulyera 16 tihalyera — subject concord + -talyera future habitual affirmative subject concord + -raayeraga person noun class singular plural first person ndaayeraga turaayeraga second person oraayeraga muraayeraga third person 1/2 araayeraga baraayeraga 3/4 guraayeraga eraayeraga 5/6 liraayeraga garaayeraga 7/8 kiraayeraga biraayeraga 9/10 eraayeraga ziraayeraga 11/10 ruraayeraga 12/14 karaayeraga buraayeraga 13 — turaayeraga 14/6 buraayeraga garaayeraga 15/6 kuraayeraga 16 haraayeraga — negative ti- + subject concord + -aayerege person noun class singular plural first person tinaayerege titwayerege second person tiwaayerege timwayerege third person 1/2 tiyaayerege tibaayerege 3/4 tigwayerege tiyaayerege 5/6 tiryayerege tigaayerege 7/8 tikyayerege tibyayerege 9/10 tiyaayerege tizaayerege 11/10 tirwayerege 12/14 tikaayerege tibwayerege 13 — titwayerege 14/6 tibwayerege tigaayerege 15/6 tikwayerege 16 tihaayerege — subject concord + -taayerege subjunctive affirmative subject concord + ere person noun class singular plural first person nyere twere second person were mwere third person 1/2 yere beere 3/4 gwere yere 5/6 lyere geere 7/8 kyere byere 9/10 yere zeere 11/10 rwere 12/14 keere bwere 13 — twere 14/6 bwere geere 15/6 kwere 16 heere — negative subject concord + -teera person noun class singular plural first person nteera tuteera second person oteera muteera third person 1/2 ateera bateera 3/4 guteera eteera 5/6 liteera gateera 7/8 kiteera biteera 9/10 eteera ziteera 11/10 ruteera 12/14 kateera buteera 13 — tuteera 14/6 buteera gateera 15/6 kuteera 16 hateera — — subjunctive habitual affirmative subject concord + erege person noun class singular plural first person nyerege twerege second person werege mwerege third person 1/2 yerege beerege 3/4 gwerege yerege 5/6 lyerege geerege 7/8 kyerege byerege 9/10 yerege zeerege 11/10 rwerege 12/14 keerege bwerege 13 — twerege 14/6 bwerege geerege 15/6 kwerege 16 heerege — hypothetical affirmative subject concord + -aakwera person noun class singular plural first person naakwera twakwera second person waakwera mwakwera third person 1/2 yaakwera baakwera 3/4 gwakwera yaakwera 5/6 lyakwera gaakwera 7/8 kyakwera byakwera 9/10 yaakwera zaakwera 11/10 rwakwera 12/14 kaakwera bwakwera 13 — twakwera 14/6 bwakwera gaakwera 15/6 kwakwera 16 haakwera — negative ti- + subject concord + -aakwera person noun class singular plural first person tinaakwera titwakwera second person tiwaakwera timwakwera third person 1/2 tiyaakwera tibaakwera 3/4 tigwakwera tiyaakwera 5/6 tiryakwera tigaakwera 7/8 tikyakwera tibyakwera 9/10 tiyaakwera tizaakwera 11/10 tirwakwera 12/14 tikaakwera tibwakwera 13 — titwakwera 14/6 tibwakwera tigaakwera 15/6 tikwakwera 16 tihaakwera — subject concord + -taakwera conditional affirmative subject concord + -aakwezire person noun class singular plural first person naakwezire twakwezire second person waakwezire mwakwezire third person 1/2 yaakwezire baakwezire 3/4 gwakwezire yaakwezire 5/6 lyakwezire gaakwezire 7/8 kyakwezire byakwezire 9/10 yaakwezire zaakwezire 11/10 rwakwezire 12/14 kaakwezire bwakwezire 13 — twakwezire 14/6 bwakwezire gaakwezire 15/6 kwakwezire 16 haakwezire — negative ti- + subject concord + -aakwezire person noun class singular plural first person tinaakwezire titwakwezire second person tiwaakwezire timwakwezire third person 1/2 tiyaakwezire tibaakwezire 3/4 tigwakwezire tiyaakwezire 5/6 tiryakwezire tigaakwezire 7/8 tikyakwezire tibyakwezire 9/10 tiyaakwezire tizaakwezire 11/10 tirwakwezire 12/14 tikaakwezire tibwakwezire 13 — titwakwezire 14/6 tibwakwezire tigaakwezire 15/6 tikwakwezire 16 tihaakwezire — subject concord + -taakwezire

¹ The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -erra
  • Short causative: -eza

See also

Colors in Tooro · erangi (layout · text)

-era	kibuubi	-iragura, kikara
-tukura, -nanata	rutanga; kitaka	kyenju
	kijubu, kinyansi
		bururu
	kakobe

References

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[10], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN