elalszik
Appearance
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]elalszik
- (intransitive) to fall asleep, drift off, go to sleep
- Synonyms: álomba merül, (literary) elszenderül, (literary) álomba szenderül, elszundít, elbóbiskol
- (intransitive) to oversleep (miss something by sleeping)
- (intransitive, of fire or a candle) to burn out, to be extinguished
- (intransitive) to die away, die down (of a matter or case: get out of people's focus)
- (transitive) to have some body part gone to sleep (go stiff due to the wrong lying position)
Conjugation
[edit]In all the intransitive senses:
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | indicative | present | indef. | elalszom or elalszok or elaluszom |
elalszol or elaluszol |
elalszik or elaluszik |
elalszunk or elaluszunk |
elalszotok or elalusztok or elaludtok |
elalszanak or elalusznak or elaludnak |
| def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd obj | |||||||||
| past | indef. | elaludtam | elaludtál | elaludt | elaludtunk | elaludtatok | elaludtak | ||
| def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd obj | |||||||||
| future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. el fog aludni.
| ||||||||
| archaic preterite |
indef. | elaluvék or elalvék or elaluvám or elalvám |
elaluvál or elalvál | elaluva (or elalva) or elaluvék or elalvék |
elaluvánk or elalvánk | elaluvátok or elalvátok | elaluvának or elalvának | ||
| def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd obj | |||||||||
| archaic past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. elalszik vala, elaludt vala/volt. | ||||||||
| archaic future | indef. | elalvandok (or elalvandom) |
elalvandasz | elalvand (or elalvandik*) |
elalvandunk | elalvandotok | elalvandanak | ||
| def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd obj | |||||||||
| conditional | present | indef. | elaludnék (or elaludnám) |
elaludnál | elaludna (or elaludnék*) |
elaludnánk | elaludnátok | elaludnának | |
| def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd obj | |||||||||
| past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. elaludt volna | ||||||||
| subjunctive | subjunctive | present | indef. | elaludjak or elaludjam |
elaludj or elaludjál |
elaludjon or elaludjék |
elaludjunk | elaludjatok | elaludjanak |
| def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd obj | |||||||||
| (archaic) past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. elaludt légyen | ||||||||
| infinitive | elaludni | elaludnom | elaludnod | elaludnia | elaludnunk | elaludnotok | elaludniuk | ||
| other forms |
verbal noun | present part. | past part. | future part. | adverbial participle | causative | |||
| elalvás | elalvó | elaludt | ― | elalva (or elaludva) (elalván or elaludván) | elaltat | ||||
| The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem alszik el or el is alszik. |
In the transitive sense (when referring to a body part going stiff while asleep):
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | indicative | present | indef. | elalszom or elalszok or elaluszom |
elalszol or elaluszol |
elalszik or elaluszik |
elalszunk or elaluszunk |
elalszotok or elalusztok or elaludtok |
elalszanak or elalusznak or elaludnak |
| def. | elalszom or elaluszom |
elalszod or elaluszod |
elalussza or elaludja |
elalusszuk or elaludjuk |
elalusszátok or elaludjátok |
elalusszák or elaludják | |||
| 2nd obj | elaluszlak or elaludlak |
||||||||
| past | indef. | elaludtam | elaludtál | elaludt | elaludtunk | elaludtatok | elaludtak | ||
| def. | elaludtam | elaludtad | elaludta | elaludtuk | elaludtátok | elaludták | |||
| 2nd obj | elaludtalak | ||||||||
| future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. el fog aludni.
| ||||||||
| archaic preterite |
indef. | elaluvék or elalvék or elaluvám or elalvám |
elaluvál or elalvál | elaluva (or elalva) or elaluvék or elalvék |
elaluvánk or elalvánk | elaluvátok or elalvátok | elaluvának or elalvának | ||
| def. | elaluvám or elalvám | elaluvád or elalvád | elaluvá or elalvá | elaluvánk or elalvánk | elaluvátok or elalvátok | elaluvák or elalvák | |||
| 2nd obj | elaluválak or elalválak | ||||||||
| archaic past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. elalszik vala, elaludt vala/volt. | ||||||||
| archaic future | indef. | elalvandok (or elalvandom) |
elalvandasz | elalvand (or elalvandik*) |
elalvandunk | elalvandotok | elalvandanak | ||
| def. | elalvandom | elalvandod | elalvandja | elalvandjuk | elalvandjátok | elalvandják | |||
| 2nd obj | elalvandalak | ||||||||
| conditional | present | indef. | elaludnék (or elaludnám) |
elaludnál | elaludna (or elaludnék*) |
elaludnánk | elaludnátok | elaludnának | |
| def. | elaludnám | elaludnád | elaludná | elaludnánk | elaludnátok | elaludnák | |||
| 2nd obj | elaludnálak | ||||||||
| past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. elaludt volna | ||||||||
| subjunctive | subjunctive | present | indef. | elaludjak or elaludjam |
elaludj or elaludjál |
elaludjon or elaludjék |
elaludjunk | elaludjatok | elaludjanak |
| def. | elaludjam | elaludd or elaludjad |
elaludja | elaludjuk | elaludjátok | elaludják | |||
| 2nd obj | elaludjalak | ||||||||
| (archaic) past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. elaludt légyen | ||||||||
| infinitive | elaludni | elaludnom | elaludnod | elaludnia | elaludnunk | elaludnotok | elaludniuk | ||
| other forms |
verbal noun | present part. | past part. | future part. | adverbial participle | causative | |||
| elalvás | elalvó | elaludt | elalvandó | elalva (or elaludva) (elalván or elaludván) | elaltat | ||||
| The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
| The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem alszik el or el is alszik. |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- elalszik in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
- elalszik in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2026).