carrus

English

Alternative forms

• charrus

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin carrus (“load”). Doublet of car and horse.

Noun

carrus (plural carri)

1. (uncommon, historical) A load: various English units of weight or volume based upon standardized cartloads of certain commodities.

Synonyms

• See load

Hyponyms

• See load

Latin

Alternative forms

• carrum, charrus

Etymology

Borrowed from Gaulish *karros, from Proto-Celtic *karros (“wagon”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥sós, zero-grade form of *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of currus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkar.rʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈkar.rus]

Noun

carrus m (genitive carrī); second declension

1. a wagon, a two-wheeled baggage cart
2. a cartload, a wagonload
3. (New Latin) car
4. (Medieval Latin) a load, an English unit of weight
   • c. 1300, Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris:

     Saccus lane debet ponderare viginti & octo petras & solebat ponderare unam summam frumenti & ponderat sextam partem unius carri de plumbo

     The sack of wool ought to weigh twenty & eight stone & is accustomed to weigh one quarter of wheat & weights the sixth part of one cartload of lead.

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	carrus	carrī
genitive	carrī	carrōrum
dative	carrō	carrīs
accusative	carrum	carrōs
ablative	carrō	carrīs
vocative	carre	carrī

Synonyms

• (vehicle): plaustrum, iumentum, currus
• (unit of weight or volume): charrus, carecta, plaustrata

Hyponyms

• (¹⁄₃₀ carrus) fontinellus, fotmal, pes
• (¹⁄₁₅₀ carrus) petra
• (¹⁄₂₁₀₀ carrus) libra

Derived terms

• carrārius
• carricō
• carrūca

Descendants

• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: carru
• Balkano-Romance:
  • Aromanian: car
  • Romanian: car
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Dalmatian: carrus
  • Italian: carro
  • Sicilian: carru
  • Venetan: car, caro, ⇒ caret
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: cjâr, cjar
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Romagnol: car
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: carro
  • Occitan: car, carri, carro
  • Old French: char, carre (see there for further descendants)
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: carru
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: carro
    • Fala: carru
    • Galician: carro
    • Portuguese: carro
  • Old Spanish: carro
    • Ladino: karro / קארו
    • Spanish: carro
      • → Cebuano: karo
      • → Tagalog: karo

Borrowings:

• → Ancient Greek: κάρρον (kárrhon)
• → Czech: kára
• → Dutch: kar
  • Afrikaans: kar
  • → Caribbean Hindustani: gári
  • → Javanese: ꦏꦲꦂ (kahar)
    • → Indonesian: kahar
• → German: Karre
• → Old Armenian: կառք (kaṙkʻ), կառ (kaṙ) (uncommon, singular)
  • → Armenian: կառք (kaṙkʻ)
• → Old Norse: kerra f (see there for further descendants)
• → Polish: kareta, karoca
• → Proto-Albanian: *karr
  • Albanian: qerre, kerr
• → Russian: карета (kareta)

Further reading

• “carrus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “carrus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "carrus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “carrus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “carrus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “carrus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Sardinian

Noun

carrus m pl

1. plural of carru