Reconstruction:Proto-Oceanic/p(ʷ)anaq

This Proto-Oceanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Oceanic

Etymology

From Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *panaq, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *panaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *panaq, from Proto-Austronesian *panaq.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /panaʔ/, /panaq/

Verb

*p(ʷ)anaq (transitive *p(ʷ)anaq-i-) (intransitive)

to shoot (to fire a shot (an arrow))

Noun

*p(ʷ)anaq

bow

Reconstruction notes

Ross et. al (1998), pg. 16 in regards to the velarised *p(ʷ)-.

Descendants

Central–Eastern Oceanic:
- Central Pacific:
  - Fijian: vana
  - Proto-Polynesian: *fana
    - Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
      - Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: pana
        
        North Marquesan: pana
        
        South Marquesan: pana
        
        Tahitic:
        Māori: whana
        
        Rarotongan: ʻana
        
        Tahitian: fana
        
        Tuamotuan: fana, hana
      - Ellicean–Outlier:
        Nuguria: hana
        
        Sikaiana: vvana
        
        Takuu: vvana
        
        Tuvaluan: fana
      - Futunic:
        Anuta: pana
        
        Emae: fana
        
        East Futuna: fana
        
        Mele-Fila: fana
        
        Pukapukan: wena
        
        Tikopia: fana
      - Samoic:
        Samoan: fana
        
        Tokelauan: fana
    - Tongic:
      - Niuean: fana
      - Tongan: fana
  - Rotuman: fana
  - Western Fijian: vana
- Micronesian:
  - Gilbertese: bana
- Southeast Solomonic:
  - Bugotu–Gela:
    - Gela: vana
  - Malaita–Makira:
    - Makira:
      - Arosi: hana
    - Malaita:
      - Kwaio: fana
      - Lau: fana
    - Sa'a: hana
- Southern Oceanic:
  - Lonwolwol: fεn
Western Oceanic:
- Meso–Melanesian:
  - Alu: fana
  - Halia: hana, wana
  - Petats: hana
  - Ririo: van
- North New Guinea:
  - Sobei: -fan
  - Tarpia: -pan

References

M. Ross, A. Pawley, M. Osmond, editors (1998), The Lexicon of Proto-Oceanic‎^[1], volume 1: Material Culture, Australian National University, →ISBN, page 225
Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*panaq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010–), “*panaq”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary