Appendix:Aramaic Swadesh lists
This is a Swadesh list of Aramaic languages, specifically Aramaic, Classical Syriac, Assyrian Neo-Aramaic and Turoyo, compared with that of English.
List
[edit]| № | English | Aramaic ארמית edit (15) | Classical Syriac ܣܘܪܝܝܐ edit (10) | Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܣܘܼܪܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (sūrāˀīṯ) edit (207) | Turoyo ܣܘܪܝܬ (surit) edit (9) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I (1sg) | אֲנָא (ʾănā) | ܐܢܐ (ʾĕnā) | ܐܵܢܵܐ (ānā) | ܐܳܢܳܐ (ʾĕnā) |
| 2 | you (2sg) | אַנְתְּ (ʾant)*, אַנְתִּי (ʾantī)* | ܐܢܬ (ʾant)*, ܐܢܬܝ (ʾantī)* | ܐܲܢ݇ܬ (at)*, ܐܲܢ݇ܬܝ (at)* | ܗܰܬ (hat)*, ܗܰܬ (hat)* |
| 3 | he, she, it (3sg) | הוּא (hū)*, הִיא (hī)* | ܗܽܘ (hū)*, ܗܺܝ (hī)* | ܗܲܘ (haw)*, ܗܲܝ (hay)* | ܗܝܝܶܐ (hiye)*, ܗܝܝܰܐ (hiya)* |
| 4 | we (1pl) | אֲנַחְנָא (ănaḥnā) | ܐܢܚܢܢ (ʾənaḥnan), ܚܢܢ (ḥənan) | ܐܲܚܢܲܢ (aḥnan) | ܐܰܚܢܰܐ (aḥna) |
| 5 | you (2pl) | אַנְתּוּן (ʾʾantūn)*, אַנְתֵּין (ʾantēn)* | ܐܢܬܘܢ (ʾantūn)*, ܐܢܬܝܢ (ʾantēn)* | ܐܲܢ݇ܬܘܿܢ (atōn)*, ܐܲܢ݇ܬܹܝܢ (attēn)*, ܐܲܚܬܘܿܢ (aḥtōn) | ܗܰܬܘ (hatu) |
| 6 | they (3pl) | הִמּוֹ (himmō)*, אִנּוּן (ʾinnūn)*, אִנִּין (ʾinnīn)* | ܗܢܘܢ (hennōn)*, ܗܢܝܢ (ʾhennēn)* | ܗܸܢܘܿܢ (hinōn)*, ܗܸܢܹܝܢ (hinnēn)*, ܐܵܢܝܼ (ānī) | ܗܷܢܢܶܐ (hënne) |
| 7 | this | ܗܵܢܵܐ (hānā)*, ܗܵܕ݂ܹܐ (hāḏē)*, ܗܵܠܹܝܢ (hālēn)* | |||
| 8 | that | ܗܵܘ (hāw)*, ܗܵܝ (hāy)*, ܗܵܢܘܿܢ (hānōn)*, ܗܵܢܹܝܢ (hānēn)* | |||
| 9 | here | ܐܵܟ݂ܵܐ (āḵā) | |||
| 10 | there | ܬܲܡܵܐ (tammā) | |||
| 11 | who | ܡܵܢܝܼ (mānī) | |||
| 12 | what | ܡܵܐ (mā) | |||
| 13 | where | ܐܲܝܟܵܐ (aykā) | |||
| 14 | when | ܐܝܼܡܲܢ (īman) | |||
| 15 | how | ܕܵܐܟ݂ܝܼ (dāḵī) | |||
| 16 | not | ܠܵܐ (lā), ܠܲܝܬ (layt) | |||
| 17 | all | ܟܠ (kul) | |||
| 18 | many | ܟܲܒܝܼܪܵܐ (kabīrā), ܪܵܒܵܐ (rābā) | |||
| 19 | some | ܚܲܕ݇ܟܡܵܐ (ḥakmā) | |||
| 20 | few | ܚܲܕ݇ܟ̰ܵܐ (ḥačā) | |||
| 21 | other | ܐ݇ܚܪܹܢܵܐ (ḥrēnā) | |||
| 22 | one | חַד (ḥaḏ)*, חְדָא (ḥədā)* | ܚܲܕ݇ (ḥa)*, ܚܕ݂ܵܐ (ḥḏā)* | ||
| 23 | two | תְּרֵין (trēn)*, תַרְתֵּין (tartēn)* | ܬܪܹܝܢ (trēn)*, ܬܲܪܬܹܝܢ (tartēn)* | ||
| 24 | three | תְּלָתָא (təlāṯā)*, תְּלַת (təlāṯ)* | ܬܠܵܬ݂ܵܐ (tlāṯā)*, ܬܸܠܵܬ݂ (tillāṯ)* | ||
| 25 | four | אַרְבְּעָא (ʾarbəʿā)*, אַרְבַּע (ʾarbaʿ)* | ܐܲܪܒܥܵܐ (arbˁā)*, ܐܲܪܒܲܥ (arbaˁ)* | ||
| 26 | five | חַמְשָׁא (ḥamšā)*, חֲמֵשׁ (ḥămēš)* | ܚܲܡܫܵܐ (ḥamšā)*, ܚܲܡܸܫ (ḥammiš)* | ||
| 27 | big | ܪܲܒܵܐ (rabbā) | |||
| 28 | long | ܝܲܪܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ (yarīḵā) | |||
| 29 | wide | ܦܸܬ݂ܝܵܐ (piṯyā) | |||
| 30 | thick | ܥܲܒ݂ܝܵܐ (ˁaḇyā) | |||
| 31 | heavy | ܝܲܩܘܼܪܵܐ (yaqūrā) | |||
| 32 | small | ܙܥܘܿܪܵܐ (zˁōrā) | |||
| 33 | short | ܟܸܪܝܵܐ (kiryā) | |||
| 34 | narrow | ܥܝܼܩܵܐ (ˁīqā) | |||
| 35 | thin | ܪܲܩܝܼܩܵܐ (raqīqā) | |||
| 36 | woman | ܒܲܟ݂ܬܵܐ (baḵtā) | |||
| 37 | man (adult male) | ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ (gaḇrā) | |||
| 38 | man (human being) | ܐ݇ܢܵܫܵܐ (nāšā) | |||
| 39 | child | ܫܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ (šaḇrā) | |||
| 40 | wife | ܒܲܟ݂ܬܵܐ (baḵtā), ܒܲܪ݇ܬ݂ ܙܲܘܓܵܐ (baṯ zawgā) | |||
| 41 | husband | ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ (gaḇrā), ܒܲܪ ܙܲܘܓܵܐ (bar zawgā) | |||
| 42 | mother | ܝܸܡܵܐ (yimmā) | |||
| 43 | father | ܐܲܒ݂ܵܐ (aḇā), ܒܵܒܵܐ (bābā) | |||
| 44 | animal | ܚܲܝ݇ܘܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥawṯā) | |||
| 45 | fish | נוּנָא (nūnā) | ܢܘܢܐ (nūnā) | ܢܘܼܢܵܐ (nūnā) | |
| 46 | bird | ܛܲܝܪܵܐ (ṭayrā), ܦܵܪܲܚܬܵܐ (pāraḥtā), ܨܸܦܪܵܐ (ṣiprā) | |||
| 47 | dog | ܟܲܠܒܵܐ (kalbā) | |||
| 48 | louse | ܩܲܠܡܵܐ (qalmā) | |||
| 49 | snake | ܚܘܼܘܹܐ (ḥūwē) | |||
| 50 | worm | ܬܲܘܠܸܥܬ݂ܵܐ (tawliˁṯā) | |||
| 51 | tree | ܐܝܼܠܵܢܵܐ (īlānā) | |||
| 52 | forest | ܥܵܒ݂ܵܐ (ˁāḇā) | |||
| 53 | stick | ܚܘܼܛܪܵܐ (ḥuṭrā) | |||
| 54 | fruit | ܦܹܐܪܵܐ (pērā) | |||
| 55 | seed | ܙܲܪܥܵܐ (zarˁā), ܒܵܙܲܪܥܵܐ (bāzarˁā) | |||
| 56 | leaf | ܛܲܪܦܵܐ (ṭarpā) | |||
| 57 | root | ܫܸܪܫܵܐ (širšā) | |||
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | ܩܲܠܦܵܐ (qalpā) | |||
| 59 | flower | ܗܲܒܵܒ݂ܵܐ (habbāḇā) | |||
| 60 | grass | ܓܸܠܵܐ (gillā), ܥܸܣܒܵܐ (ˁisbā) | |||
| 61 | rope | ܚܲܒ݂ܠܵܐ (ḥaḇlā) | |||
| 62 | skin | ܓܸܠܕܵܐ (gildā) | |||
| 63 | meat | ܒܸܣܪܵܐ (bisrā) | |||
| 64 | blood | ܕܸܡܵܐ (dimmā) | |||
| 65 | bone | ܓܲܪܡܵܐ (garmā) | |||
| 66 | fat (noun) | ܬܲܪܒܵܐ (tarbā) | |||
| 67 | egg | ܒܹܝܥܬ݂ܵܐ (bēˁṯā) | |||
| 68 | horn | ܩܲܪܢܵܐ (qarnā) | |||
| 69 | tail | ܕܲܢܒ݂ܵܐ (danḇā) | |||
| 70 | feather | ܐܸܒ݂ܪܵܐ (iḇrā) | |||
| 71 | hair | ܣܲܥܪܵܐ (saˁrā) | |||
| 72 | head | ܪܹܝܫܵܐ (rēšā) | |||
| 73 | ear | ܐܸܕ݂ܢܵܐ (iḏnā) | |||
| 74 | eye | ܥܲܝܢܵܐ (ˁaynā) | |||
| 75 | nose | ܢܲܚܝܼܪܵܐ (naḥīrā) | |||
| 76 | mouth | ܦܘܼܡܵܐ (pūmā) | |||
| 77 | tooth | ܟܹܟܵܐ (kēkā) | |||
| 78 | tongue (organ) | ܠܸܫܵܢܵܐ (liššānā) | |||
| 79 | fingernail | ܛܸܦܪܵܐ (ṭiprā) | |||
| 80 | foot | ܥܲܩܠܵܐ (ˁaqlā) | |||
| 81 | leg | ܪܸܓ݂ܠܵܐ (riḡlā) | |||
| 82 | knee | ܒܸܪܟܵܐ (birkā) | |||
| 83 | hand | ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ (īḏā) | |||
| 84 | wing | ܓܘܼܠܦܵܐ (gulpā) | |||
| 85 | belly | ܟܲܪܣܵܐ (karsā) | |||
| 86 | guts | ܡܲܥܝܹ̈ܐ (maˁyē) | |||
| 87 | neck | ܩܕ݂ܵܠܵܐ (qḏālā) | |||
| 88 | back | ܚܲܨܵܐ (ḥaṣṣā) | |||
| 89 | breast | ܨܲܕ݂ܪܵܐ (ṣaḏrā) | |||
| 90 | heart | ܠܸܒܵܐ (libbā) | |||
| 91 | liver | ܟܲܒ݂ܕܵܐ (kaḇdā) | |||
| 92 | to drink | ܫܵܬܹܐ (šātē) | |||
| 93 | to eat | ܐܵܟ݂ܹܠ (āḵēl) | |||
| 94 | to bite | ܩܵܛܹܡ (qāṭēm) | |||
| 95 | to suck | ܡܵܐܹܨ (māˀēṣ) | |||
| 96 | to spit | ܪܵܐܹܩ (rāˀēq) | |||
| 97 | to vomit | ܓܵܥܹܡ (gāˁēm) | |||
| 98 | to blow | ܢܵܦܹܚ (nāpēḥ) | |||
| 99 | to breathe | ܢܵܦܹܫ (nāpēš) | |||
| 100 | to laugh | ܓܵܚܹܟ (gāḥēk) | |||
| 101 | to see | ܚܵܙܹܐ (ḥāzē) | |||
| 102 | to hear | ܫܵܡܹܥ (šāmēˁ) | |||
| 103 | to know | ܝܵܕ݂ܹܥ (yāḏēˁ) | |||
| 104 | to think | ܚܵܫܹܒ݂ (ḥāšēḇ) | |||
| 105 | to smell | ܪܵܐܹܚ (rāˀēḥ) | |||
| 106 | to fear | ܙܵܕ݂ܹܥ (zāḏēˁ) | |||
| 107 | to sleep | ܕܵܡܹܟ݂ (dāmēḵ) | |||
| 108 | to live | ܚܵܝܹܐ (ḥāyē) | |||
| 109 | to die | ܡܵܐܹܬ݂ (māˀēṯ) | |||
| 110 | to kill | ܩܵܛܹܠ (qāṭēl) | |||
| 111 | to fight | ܦܵܠܹܫ (pālēš) | |||
| 112 | to hunt | ܨܵܐܹܕ݂ (ṣāˀēḏ) | |||
| 113 | to hit | ܡܵܚܹܐ (māḥē) | |||
| 114 | to cut | ܩܵܛܹܥ (qāṭēˁ) | |||
| 115 | to split | ܨܵܠܹܚ (ṣālēḥ) | |||
| 116 | to stab | ܕܵܥܹܨ (dāˁēṣ) | |||
| 117 | to scratch | ܓܵܪܹܕ݂ (gārēḏ) | |||
| 118 | to dig | ܚܵܦܹܪ (ḥāpēr) | |||
| 119 | to swim | ܣܵܚܹܐ (sāḥē) | |||
| 120 | to fly | ܦܵܪܹܚ (pārēḥ) | |||
| 121 | to walk | ܡܗܲܠܸܟ݂ (mhalliḵ) | |||
| 122 | to come | ܐܵܬ݂ܹܐ (āṯē) | |||
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | ܫܵܟ݂ܹܒ݂ (šāḵēḇ) | |||
| 124 | to sit | ܝܵܬ݂ܹܒ݂ (yāṯēḇ) | |||
| 125 | to stand | ܟܵܠܹܐ (kālē) | |||
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | ܦܵܬ݂ܹܠ (pāṯēl) | |||
| 127 | to fall | ܢܵܦܹܠ (nāpēl) | |||
| 128 | to give | ܝܵܗ݇ܒ݂ܹܠ (yāḇēl) | |||
| 129 | to hold | ܕܵܒ݂ܹܩ (dāḇēq) | |||
| 130 | to squeeze | ܥܵܨܹܪ (ˁāṣēr) | |||
| 131 | to rub | ܫܵܐܹܦ (šāˀēp) | |||
| 132 | to wash | ܡܚܲܠܸܠ (mḥallil) | |||
| 133 | to wipe | ܡܵܫܹܐ (māšē) | |||
| 134 | to pull | ܓܵܪܹܫ (gārēš) | |||
| 135 | to push | ܙܵܥܹܦ (zāˁēp) | |||
| 136 | to throw | ܪܵܡܹܐ (rāmē) | |||
| 137 | to tie | ܐܵܣܹܪ (āsēr) | |||
| 138 | to sew | ܚܵܐܹܛ (ḥāˀēṭ) | |||
| 139 | to count | ܡܵܢܹܐ (mānē) | |||
| 140 | to say | ܐܵܡܹܪ (āmēr) | |||
| 141 | to sing | ܙܵܡܹܪ (zāmēr) | |||
| 142 | to play | ܡܛܲܝܸܠ (mṭayyil) | |||
| 143 | to float | ܛܵܐܹܦ (ṭāˀēp) | |||
| 144 | to flow | ܪܵܕ݂ܹܐ (rāḏē) | |||
| 145 | to freeze | ܓܵܠܹܕ݂ (gālēḏ) | |||
| 146 | to swell | ܙܵܐܹܪ (zāˀēr) | |||
| 147 | sun | ܫܸܡܫܵܐ (šimšā) | |||
| 148 | moon | ܣܲܗܪܵܐ (sahrā) | |||
| 149 | star | ܟܲܘܟ݂ܒ݂ܵܐ (kawḵḇā) | |||
| 150 | water | מַיָּא (mayyā) | ܡܝܐ (mayyā) | ܡܲܝ̈ܵܐ (mayyā) | ܡܰܝ̈ܶܐ (maye) |
| 151 | rain | ܡܸܛܪܵܐ (miṭrā) | |||
| 152 | river | ܢܲܗܪܵܐ (nahrā) | |||
| 153 | lake | ܝܲܡܬ݂ܵܐ (yamṯā) | |||
| 154 | sea | יַמָּא (yammā) | ܝܡܐ (yammā) | ܝܵܡܵܐ (yāmā) | ܝܰܡܳܐ (yamo) |
| 155 | salt | ܡܸܠܚܵܐ (milḥā) | |||
| 156 | stone | ܟܹܐܦܵܐ (kēpā) | |||
| 157 | sand | ܚܝܼܙܵܐ (ḥīzā) | |||
| 158 | dust | ܐܲܒ݂ܩܵܐ (aḇqā) | |||
| 159 | earth | ܐܲܪܥܵܐ (arˁā) | |||
| 160 | cloud | ܥܲܝܒ݂ܵܐ (ˁayḇā), ܥܢܵܢܵܐ (ˁnānā) | |||
| 161 | fog | ܥܲܪܦܸܠܵܐ (ˁarpillā) | |||
| 162 | sky | ܫ̈ܡܲܝܵܐ (šmayyā) | |||
| 163 | wind | ܦܲܘܚܵܐ (pawḥā) | |||
| 164 | snow | ܬܲܠܓܵܐ (talgā) | |||
| 165 | ice | ܓܠܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ (glīḏā) | |||
| 166 | smoke | ܬܸܢܵܐ (tinnā) | |||
| 167 | fire | ܢܘܼܪܵܐ (nūrā) | |||
| 168 | ash | ܩܸܛܡܵܐ (qiṭmā) | |||
| 169 | to burn | ܝܵܩܹܕ݂ (yāqēḏ) | |||
| 170 | road | ܐܘܼܪܚܵܐ (urḥā) | |||
| 171 | mountain | ܛܘܼܪܵܐ (ṭūrā) | |||
| 172 | red | ܣܡܘܿܩܵܐ (smōqā) | |||
| 173 | green | ܝܲܪܘܿܩܵܐ (yarōqā) | |||
| 174 | yellow | ܫܥܘܿܬ݂ܵܐ (šˁōṯā) | |||
| 175 | white | ܚܘܵܪܵܐ (ḥwārā) | |||
| 176 | black | ܐ݇ܟܘܿܡܵܐ (kōmā) | |||
| 177 | night | ܠܲܝܠܹܐ (laylē) | |||
| 178 | day | יוֹמָא (yōmā) | ܝܘܡܐ (yawmā) | ܝܲܘܡܵܐ (yawmā) | ܝܰܘܡܳܐ (yawmo) |
| 179 | year | ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (šētā) | |||
| 180 | warm | ܫܲܚܝܼܢܵܐ (šaḥīnā) | |||
| 181 | cold | ܩܲܪܝܼܪܵܐ (qarīrā) | |||
| 182 | full | ܡܸܠܝܵܐ (milyā) | |||
| 183 | new | ܚܲܕܬܵܐ (ḥadtā) | |||
| 184 | old | ܥܲܬܝܼܩܵܐ (ˁatīqā) | |||
| 185 | good | ܛܵܒ݂ܵܐ (ṭāḇā) | |||
| 186 | bad | ܒܝܼܫܵܐ (bīšā) | |||
| 187 | rotten | ܣܸܪܝܵܐ (siryā) | |||
| 188 | dirty | ܫܘܼܚܬܵܢܵܐ (šuḥtānā) | |||
| 189 | straight | ܬܪܝܼܨܵܐ (trīṣā) | |||
| 190 | round | ܓܠܘܿܠܵܐ (glōlā) | |||
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | ܚܲܪܝܼܦܵܐ (ḥarīpā) | |||
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | ܫܵܗܝܵܐ (šāhyā) | |||
| 193 | smooth | ܫܲܥܘܼܥܵܐ (šaˁūˁā) | |||
| 194 | wet | ܬܲܠܝܼܠܵܐ (talīlā) | |||
| 195 | dry | ܝܲܒܝܼܫܵܐ (yabīšā) | |||
| 196 | correct | ܬܪܝܼܨܵܐ (trīṣā), ܫܲܪܝܼܪܵܐ (šarīrā), ܨܲܚܝܼܚܵܐ (ṣaḥīḥā) | |||
| 197 | near | ܩܲܪܝܼܒ݂ܵܐ (qarīḇā) | |||
| 198 | far | ܪܲܚܘܼܩܵܐ (raḥūqā) | |||
| 199 | right | ܝܲܡܝܼܢܵܐ (yamīnā) | |||
| 200 | left | ܣܸܡܵܠܵܐ (simmālā) | |||
| 201 | at | ܒ- (b-), ܠܘܵܬ݂ (lwāṯ), ܓܹܢ݇ܒ (gēb), ܟܸܣ (kis) | |||
| 202 | in | ܓܲܘ (gaw), ܒ- (b-) | |||
| 203 | with | ܥܲܡ (ˁam), ܒ- (b-) | |||
| 204 | and | ܘ- (w-) | |||
| 205 | if | ܐܸܢ (in) | |||
| 206 | because | ܡܸܛܠ (miṭṭul), ܡܸܢ ܥܸܠܲܬ݂ (min ˁillaṯ), ܒܗܵܝ ܕ- (bhāy d-) | |||
| 207 | name | ܫܸܡܵܐ (šimmā) |