گرد

See also: ـگرد, گرڈ, کرد, كرد, and گرَٛد

Central Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *gr̥Híš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Híš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡəɾd/

Noun

Northern Kurdish	gir

گرد (gird)

1. hill (elevated location)

Derived terms

• گردۆڵکە (girdollke)
• گردەڵە (girdelle)

References

• Hejar (1990), “گرد”, in Henbane borîne‎^[1], Tehran: Soroush, page 689
• Wahby, T.; Edmonds, C. J. (1966), “gird”, in A Kurdish-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 54

Khalaj

Noun

گَرد (gərd) (definite accusative گَردی, plural گَردلَر)

1. Arabic spelling of gərd (“dust”)

Declension

Declension of گرد

	singular	plural
nominative	گرد	گردلر
genitive	گردۆݧ	گردلریݧ
dative	گردکه	گردلرکه
definite accusative	گردۆ	گردلری
locative	گردچه	گردلرچه
ablative	گردده	گردلرده
instrumental	گردله	گردلرله
equative	گردواره	گردلرواره

Persian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wlt- /⁠ward-⁠/, “to turn, twist, writhe; to change”), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫇𐫡𐫅 (wrd), from Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎫 (vart-), from Proto-Iranian *wart- (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wart-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, rotate”).

Cognates include Sanskrit वर्तते (vártate, “to turn, roll”), Proto-Slavic *vьrtě̀ti (“to turn”), Latin vertere (“to turn”), German werden (“to turn (into), become”), English worth; also Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙- (var^ət-), Khotanese [script needed] (bal- /⁠baḍ-⁠/, “to move, writhe”), Parthian [script needed] (wrt-), [script needed] (wrd-), Sogdian [script needed] (wrtn).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡird/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡɪɹd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡɪɹd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡɪɹd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡiɹd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʲeɹd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡiɹd̪]

• Rhymes: -ird

Readings
Classical reading?	gird
Dari reading?	gird
Iranian reading?	gerd
Tajik reading?	gird

Adjective

گرد • (gird / gerd) (Tajik spelling гирд)

2. round, circular

Derived terms

• گردی (girdī / gerdi)
• گردباد (girdbād / gerdbâd)
• گردالی (girdālī / gerdâli)

Related terms

• گردیدن (gardīdan / gardidan, “to rotate, spin, circulate”)
• گردو (girdū / gerdu, “walnut”)

Descendants

• → Chagatai: کرد (krd /⁠gird⁠/)
  • Uzbek: gir, gird

Verb

گرد • (gard) (Tajik spelling гард)

1. present stem of گشتن (gaštan, “to wander; to change”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (glt' /⁠gard⁠/, “dust”), ultimately from the same root as the verb گَشتَن (gaštan, “to wander around”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡard/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡäɹd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡäɹd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡäɹd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡäɹd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʲæɹd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡäɹd̪]

• Rhymes: -ard

Readings
Classical reading?	gard
Dari reading?	gard
Iranian reading?	gard
Tajik reading?	gard

Noun

گرد • (gard) (Tajik spelling гард)

1. dust
2. powder

   Synonym: پودر (pūdr / pudr)

Alternative forms

• گرذ (garz) (archaic or dialectal)

Related terms

• گرده (garda / garde, “pollen”)

Descendants

• → Khalaj: gərd

Etymology 3

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwlt' /⁠gurd⁠/, “hero”). Akin to Central Kurdish گورد (gurd, “hero, gentleman, brave”) and گورج (gurc, “ready, alert, swift, quick (for a person)”), possibly related to کرد/Kurd.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡurd/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊɹd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡʊɹd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ɡʊɹd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ɡuɹd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡ̥oɹd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɡuɹd̪]

• Rhymes: -urd

Readings
Classical reading?	gurd
Dari reading?	gurd
Iranian reading?	gord
Tajik reading?	gurd

Noun

گرد • (gurd / gord) (Tajik spelling гурд)

1. hero