Tuxá language
| Tuxá | |
|---|---|
| Rodela | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Bahia, Pernambuco |
| Ethnicity | Tuxá |
| Extinct | c. 1860s[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tud |
| Glottolog | tuxa1239 |
| Linguasphere | 89-BAA-aa |
 Map of Rodelas, where Tuxá was spoken |
Tuxá (Tusha; also Rodela) was the language of the Tuxá people, who now speak Portuguese and Dzubukuá.[3]
History
[edit]Carlos Estêvão, the director of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi in Pará, had collected 14 words of the Tuxá language from Antônio Likaro and Cordorina, two Tuxá caboclos in Rodelas. These were later published by Thomaz Pompeu Sobrinho in 1958.[4]
An old pajé (shaman), aged around 90 in 1961, was unable to remember anything of the language which he had used as a child, his mind having been clouded by age and excessive drinking of cachaça. According to Antônio Cirilo dos Santos, a Tuxá man living in Cabrobó, Pernambuco, the language had not been spoken for nearly 100 years by 1961. He remembered that his father had known a few words. Nevertheless, about 30 words could be collected from two women, Maria Dias dos Santos and Maria Inácia Tuxá dos Santos, who had been "excluded" from the tribe and then lived in Juazeiro, Bahia.[1]
Vocabulary
[edit]Pompeu (1958)
[edit]Tushá vocabulary collected by Estêvão:[4]
Portuguese gloss
(original)English gloss
(translated)Tushá sol sun enkê lua moon jerõmêkê céu sky eisrêmêkê terra earth jerintin Rio São Francisco São Francisco River Kaleshí homem man junkurun mulher woman lãkãtí menino boy jití menina girl kaití cabelo hair tixí dente tooth takaí orelha ear kramákê cachimbo smoking pipe tôrú teiú Tupinambis lizard tishiriú
Meader (1978)
[edit]In 1961, Wilbur Pickering recorded the following word list in Juazeiro, Bahia from Maria Dias dos Santos. She was in her late fifties as of 1961, and was born in Rodelas, but later moved to Juazeiro.[1]
Portuguese gloss
(original)English gloss
(translated)Tuxá água water ˈmiˈaŋga cabeça head kaˈka cabelo hair kakaˈi cachorro dog kašuˈi carne meat oˈtiši criança (menino) child (boy) guřituˈi fogo fire toˈe fumo smoke paˈka muitas many kalatuˈi muitas cabeças many heads kalatuˈi kaˈka ovelha sheep alvɛˈmą panela pan ˈmunduřu sol sun šaˈřola pessoa suja dirty person ˈšuvaˈd̯ya acangatara acangatara
(type of ceremonial feather headband)ˈgoxo cachaça cachaça auˈřiŋka cachimbo smoking pipe maˈlaku chocalho rattle mařaˈka deus God tumˈpą dinheiro money kaːmˈba farinha flour koˈñuna gado cattle gadiˈma melancia watermelon ˈvɛřdoˈa negro black tupiˈʌŋka peba six-banded armadillo kabulɛˈtɛ porco pig ˈmokoˈxɛ preá Brazilian guinea pig šuˈřį soldado soldier sokoˈdo tatu armadillo putiˈa trempe trivet mᴜsˈtřᴜ̨ urubu vulture uˈřikuˈři tutuˈa (?) quem gosta de apreciar o Guarani who likes to enjoy the Guarani kalamaˈši kalatuˈi kaˈlamototuˈa
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 Meader, Robert E. (1978). Indios do Nordeste: Levantamento sobre os remanescentes tribais do nordeste brasileiro (in Portuguese). Brasilia: SIL International.
- ↑ "Glottolog 5.2 - Tuxá". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2025-06-07.
- ↑ Durazzo, Leandro (2022-05-16). "Revitalização de Línguas Indígenas por Meio de Documentos Coloniais Digitalizados: Comentário Sobre a Retomada do Idioma Dzubukuá pelo Povo Tuxá da Bahia, Brasil". Diffractions (in Portuguese): 6–25 Páginas. doi:10.34632/DIFFRACTIONS.2022.10224.
- 1 2 Pompeu Sobrinho, Thomaz. 1958. Línguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste: Alguns vocabulários inéditos. Boletim de Antropologia (Fortaleza-Ceará) 2. 3-19.
- Meader, R. E. (1978). Indios do nordeste. Levantamento sobre os remanescentes tribais do nordeste brasileiro (PDF). Brasilia: SIL Internacional. (Tuxá wordlist §3.8, p30)
- Fabre, Alain (2005). "Tuxá". Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos (PDF).