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Salim Rubaya Ali

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al-Rafīq
Salim Rubaya Ali
سالِم رُبَيِّع عَلي (Arabic)
Official portrait of Salemin
2nd President of South Yemen
In office
22 June 1969 – 26 June 1978
Preceded byQahtan Muhammad al-Shaabi
Succeeded byAli Nasir Muhammad
Personal details
Born17 June 1934
Aden Protectorate
Died26 June 1978 (aged 44)
Aden, South Yemen
Cause of deathExecution by firing squad
PartyNational Front
OccupationChairman of the Presidential Council
NicknameSalemin
Military service
AllegianceYemen National Liberation Front
(1963–1967)
South Yemen
(1967–1978)
Years of service
1963–1978
Battles/warsAden Emergency
Corrective Move
al-Wadiah War
Ogaden War

Salim Rubaya Ali (Arabic: سالِم رُبَيِّع عَلي pronunciationⓘ;[1] 17 June 1934 – 26 June 1978[2]), commonly known by his nickname Salemin (Arabic: سالمين),[3] was a Yemeni Maoist politician and revolutionary who served as the second head of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen) from 22 June 1969 until his execution on 26 June 1978.[4][5]

Ali led the left-wing faction of the National Front for the Liberation of South Yemen (NLF),[6] which forced the British to withdraw from southern Yemen on 29 November 1967. Ali's radical Marxist faction gained dominance over the more moderate President Qahtan al-Shaabi's elements, allowing Rubaya Ali to seize power; he retained the title of Chairman of the Presidential Council throughout his term, even as the NLF changed the name of the country from the People's Republic of South Yemen to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen in 1970. [citation needed]

Final years and execution

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Rubaya Ali's National Front joined with other parties in 1975, creating the United Political Organisation NF (التنظيم السياسي الموحد الجبهة القومية), all rival parties having been outlawed earlier. He appointed Muhammad Ali Haitham as his Prime Minister, who served until August 1971, when he was replaced by Ali Nasir Muhammad. Rubaya Ali opposed the formation of the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP) championed by Abdul Fattah Ismail.

During this period, his administration became increasingly involved in the geopolitics of the Horn of Africa. In early 1977, he hosted a summit in Aden involving Fidel Castro and the leaders of Ethiopia and Somalia, attempting to facilitate a socialist-aligned regional federation. Following the failure of these diplomatic efforts, his government committed approximately 2,000 troops to support the Ethiopian government during the Ogaden War (1977–1978). This deployment represented a significant expansion of South Yemen's regional military commitments.[7]

On 26 June 1978, the collective leadership of the YSP led by Abdul Fattah Ismail overthrew and executed Rubaya Ali.[8]

References

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  1. ↑ Alternate spellings of Salem Rubaya Ali's name, including Salem Rubaya Ali Archived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine, proekt-wms.narod.ru; accessed 3 December 2014.
  2. ↑ "أخبار محلية - تفاصيل تكشف لأول مرة عن الرئيس سالمين بشهادة جنرال روسي". Archived from the original on 2022-11-12. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
  3. ↑ Yuval (1981-07-10). "Why did They Liquidate Salmin? – Ehud Ein-Gil". Matzpen.org/English. Retrieved 2024-08-25.
  4. ↑ "Yemen's Socialist Experiment Was a Political Landmark for the Arab World". jacobin.com. Retrieved 2024-11-21. Salmine was often described as a Maoist because he supported direct popular involvement and was suspicious of bureaucratic institutions, including those of a party.
  5. ↑ "في ذكرى اغتيال الرئيس سالم ربيع علي سالمين". Archived from the original on 2019-05-31. Retrieved 2019-05-31.
  6. ↑ National Front for the Liberation of South Yemen (NF) infosite Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine, al-ayyam.info; accessed 3 December 2014.
  7. ↑ Tareke, Gebru (2009). The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa. Yale University Press. pp. 174–176. ISBN 978-0-300-14163-4.
  8. ↑ Howe, Marvine (25 May 1979). "Southern Yemen Blends Marxism With Islam and Arab Nationalism". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
[edit]
Preceded by
Established position
 Chairmen of the Presidential Council
23 June 1969–26 June 1978		 Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salim_Rubaya_Ali&oldid=1364161727"
Salim Rubaya Ali
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