Punjab Plain
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The Punjab Plain is a large alluvial plain in northwestern India and eastern Pakistan.[1] The plain includes the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana and the union territory of Delhi, excluding the Shahdara district, and the eastern part of Pakistani Punjab.[2][3] This plain is around 200–300 meters above mean sea level. The plain is the western part of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and is bounded by the Sivalik Hills in the north, the Yamuna River in the east, the Thar Desert of Rajasthan to the south, the Ravi River to the northwest and Sutlej River to the southwest. The plain is extensively farmed for cereals and cotton.[2]
Terminology
[edit]Doab: The land formed of alluvium in between two rivers known as Doab is found here. 'Doab' is made up of two words — 'do' meaning two and 'ab' meaning water. Similarly 'Punjab', is also made up of two words — 'Punj' meaning five and 'ab' meaning water.[4]
Bār: The upland area between two river valleys in the Punjab plains.[5]
Bangar: The flood plains formed due to deposition of older alluvium is known as Bhangar.
Bet: The flood plains seen here which are formed due to repeated deposition of new alluvium during each flood is known as Bet. The plains are in the plain biomes.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Punjab Hills". British Museum. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
The term 'Punjab Hills' refers not to the Punjab itself (ie the low plain through which the five rivers run), but the foothills of the Himalayas in this western end of the range through which the five rivers run before they debouche into the fertile plains of the Punjab proper. The term survives almost entirely in discussing painting styles and, as it was first coined before Independence does not, necessarily refer to the later boundaries which divide modern India from modern Pakistan. The term is used primarily to denote paintings from several smaller courts of the historic period including Mankot, Guler, Kangra, Kulu, Mandi and Basohli.
- ^ a b "Punjab Plain | plain, India". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
- ^ Meng, Hongwei; Huang, Linpei. "旁遮普平原" [Punjab Plains]. Encyclopedia of China. Retrieved 1 July 2025.
- ^ Grewal, Jagtar Singh (1999). The Sikhs of the Punjab (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN 8175960701.
- ^ Grewal, Jagtar Singh (1999). "Glossary". The Sikhs of the Punjab (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. xv. ISBN 8175960701.
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