International Tropical Timber Agreement
The International Tropical Timber Agreement (ITTA), 1983) is an agreement to provide an effective framework for cooperation between tropical timber producers and consumers and to encourage the development of national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of tropical forests and their genetic resources. The International Tropical Timber Organization was established under this agreement, which first opened for signature on 18 November 1983, then Entered into force on 1 April 1985. There were subsequent treaties, with an increasing number of signatories, in 1994 (ITTA2) and 2006 (ITTA3).
ITTA2 (1994) was drafted to ensure that by the year 2000 exports of tropical timber originated from sustainably managed sources and to establish a fund to assist tropical timber producers in obtaining the resources necessary to reach this objective. It further defined the mandate of the International Tropical Timber Organization. The agreement was opened for signature on 26 January 1994, and entered into force on 1 January 1997.
ITTA3 (2006) aimed to "promote the expansion and diversification of international trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed and legally harvested forests and to promote the sustainable management of tropical timber producing forests".[1] It entered into force on 7 December 2011.[2]
Parties
[edit]Thirty-two parties signed the 1983 agreement: Belgium, Brazil, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, European Economic Community, Finland, France, Gabon, Federal Republic of Germany, Ghana, Greece, Honduras, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.[3]
Sixty-two parties ultimately ratified the 1994 agreement:[citation needed] Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, People's Republic of China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, European Union, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela
As of October 2018, there are 74 parties to ITTA3. Nigeria and Paraguay have signed the agreement but have not ratified it.[citation needed] Canada ratified the agreement in 2009, withdrew in 2013, and later rejoined in 2023.[4][5]: End Note 1
References
[edit]- ^ "International Tropical Timber Agreement, 2006". United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 1 February 2006. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ^ "New accord for tropical forests enters into force". The International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO). 12 December 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- ^ "Multilateral: International Tropical Timber Agreement (with annexes). Concluded at Geneva on 18 November 1983" (PDF). United Nations Treaty Series. 1393: 67–246. 1985. No. 23317. Retrieved 8 November 2025.
- ^ "Canada Rejoins the International Tropical Timber Organization" (Press release). Government of Canada. 9 December 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2025.
- ^ "46. International Tropical Timber Agreement, 2006". United Nations Treaty Collection. Retrieved 8 November 2025.
This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2025 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2003 edition.)
External links
[edit]- International Tropical Timber Organization
- Ratifications Archived 8 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
- Text of the Agreement
- Environmental treaties
- United Nations treaties
- Treaties of Australia
- Treaties of Austria
- Treaties of Belgium
- Treaties of Bolivia
- Treaties of the military dictatorship in Brazil
- Treaties of Myanmar
- Treaties of the People's Republic of Kampuchea
- Treaties of Cameroon
- Treaties of Canada
- Treaties of the Central African Republic
- Treaties of the People's Republic of China
- Treaties of Colombia
- Treaties of Zaire
- Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
- Treaties of Ivory Coast
- Treaties of Denmark
- Treaties of Ecuador
- Treaties of Egypt
- Treaties entered into by the European Union
- Treaties of Fiji
- Treaties of Finland
- Treaties of France
- Treaties of Gabon
- Treaties of Germany
- Treaties of Ghana
- Treaties of Greece
- Treaties of Guyana
- Treaties of Honduras
- Treaties of India
- Treaties of Indonesia
- Treaties of Ireland
- Treaties of Italy
- Treaties of Japan
- Treaties of South Korea
- Treaties of Liberia
- Treaties of Luxembourg
- Treaties of Malaysia
- Treaties of Nepal
- Treaties of the Netherlands
- Treaties of New Zealand
- Treaties of Norway
- Treaties of Panama
- Treaties of Papua New Guinea
- Treaties of Peru
- Treaties of the Philippines
- Treaties of Portugal
- Treaties of Spain
- Treaties of Suriname
- Treaties of Sweden
- Treaties of Switzerland
- Treaties of Thailand
- Treaties of Togo
- Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
- Treaties of the United Kingdom
- Treaties of the United States
- Treaties of Uruguay
- Treaties of Vanuatu
- Treaties of Venezuela