Göktürk family tree
The Göktürk family tree refers to the ruling Ashina clan of the Turkic Khaganate, a vast medieval empire which stretched from northeast China to the Black Sea.[1] The following family tree is given in five sections:[2]
- The united empire up to 603 (death of Khagan Tardu)
- The west half of the empire which was ruled by yabgus on behalf of the central khagans up to 599 and the same half ruled independently after the empire was partitioned.
- East half of the empire after 603
- The reestablishment of the empire after 681 (Second Turkic Khaganate)
- Western and eastern parts of the first empire
The color legend is as follows.
| Khagan (Emperor) | Ruler of the east side | Ruler of the west side | Legendary ancestor | ||||
Both the central empire and later the east wing were ruled by the descendants of Bumin and the west part was ruled by the descendants of Istämi with two exceptions;
- Tardu, a yabgu of the west became the central khagan between 599 and 603.
- Yukuk, a shad (a prince) in the east wing became the ruler of the west wing.
In the following trees only those with reigning dates became khagan or yabgu.
First Turkic Khaganate (before the split)
[edit]| Ashina | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yizhi Nishidu[3] | Other nine children | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neduliu shad | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ashina (semi-legendary) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Axian shad (Ashina Natulu) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Tuwu of Ashina house) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1. Bumin Qaghan (551–552) | Istämi[Note 1] (551–576) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2.Issik Qaghan (552–554) | 3.Muqan Qaghan (554–572) | 4.Taspar Qaghan (572–581) | Tardu[Note 2] (576–603) | Tamgan (Turksanf) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7.Ishbara Qaghan (581–587) | 8.Bagha Qaghan (587–589) | 5.Apa Qaghan | 6.Amrak Khagan (581–581) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9.Tulan Qaghan (589–599) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Eastern Turkic Khaganate (after 603)
[edit]| Bagha Qaghan (587–589) | |||||||||||||||||
| E1.Yami Qaghan (603–609) | |||||||||||||||||
| E2.Shibi Qaghan (611–619) | E3.Ashina Xichun Qaghan (619–621) | E4.Illig Qaghan (621–630) | |||||||||||||||
| Ashina Jiesheshuai | Yukuk Shad (638–642) | ||||||||||||||||
Western Turkic Khaganate (after 603)
[edit]| Tardu (576–603) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yangsu Tegin | Külüg Sibir (630–631) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Niri Qaghan | Shikui Khagan (611–618) | Bagha Shad | Tong Yabghu Qaghan (618–630) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Heshana Qaghan (603–611) | Böri Shad | Duolu Qaghan (633–634) | Ishbara Tolis (634–638) | Sy Yabghu Qaghan (631–633) | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Khazars ?) | Ashina Helu (651–658) | İl Küllig | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Irbis Seguy (642–651) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
First Turkic Khaganate (both united and split)
[edit]| Ashina Tuwu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bumin Qaghan (551–552) | Istämi (551–576) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issik Qaghan (552–554) | Muqan Qaghan (554–572) | Taspar Qaghan (572–581) | Tardu (599–603) | Tamgan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ishbara Qaghan (581–587) | Bagha Qaghan (587–589) | Apa Qaghan | Amrak Khagan (581–581) | Yangsu Tegin | Külüg Sibir (630–631) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tulan Qaghan (589–599) | Tolis Khagan (603–609) | Niri Qaghan | Shekui (611–618) | Bagha Shad | Tong Yabghu Qaghan (618–630) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shibir Khagan (611–619) | Chulu Khagan (618–621) | Kat Il Khagan (621–630) | Heshana Qaghan (603–611) | Böri Shad | Duolu Qaghan (633–634) | Ishbara Tolis (634–638) | Sy Yabghu Qaghan (631–633) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ashina Jiesheshuai (Kürşat) | Yukuk Shad (638–642) | El Kulug Shad | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Irbis Seguy (642–651) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Second Turkic Khaganate
[edit]| (Itmis Beg of Ashina House) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Qapaghan Qaghan (694–716) | Ilterish Qaghan (681–694) | Ashina Duoxifu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inel Qaghan (716–717) | Bilge Qaghan (717–734) | Kul Tigin | Pan Kül Tigin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yollıg Khagan (734–739) | Tengri Qaghan (739–741) | Özmiş Khagan (742–744) | Kulun Beg[Note 3] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Footnotes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Jean Paul Roux: Türklerin Tarihi (Historie des Turcs), tr:Prof Dr Aykut Kazancıgil, Lale Arslan Özcan, Kabalcı yayınevi, İstanbul, 2007, p 101.
- ^ L.M.Gümilev :Eski Türkler, trans:Ahsen Batur, Selenge yayınları, İstanbul, 2002, ISBN 975-7856-39-8, OCLC 52822672, pp.561-564
- ^ Hongen, Niu; 牛鴻恩 (2015). Xin yi Yi Zhou shu. 袁宏. (Di 1 ban ed.). Taibei Shi: 三民書局. ISBN 9789571460192. OCLC 913445355.