Elections in Peru
 |
|---|
 1st Vice President of Congress
Fernando Rospigliosi 2nd Vice President of Congress
Waldemar Cerrón 3rd Vice President of Congress Ilich López |
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In Peru, the people directly elect a head of state (the president) as well as a legislature. The president is elected by the people for a five-year term. The bicameral Congress (Congreso) consists of a Chamber of Deputies (lower house) and a Senate (upper house). The Chamber of Deputies has 130 members, with members elected for a five-year term by proportional representation. Consisting of 60 members, the Senate is elected via a mix of nationwide and regional electoral districts.[1]
Peru has a multi-party system, which effectively bars one party from becoming the sole influence in a decision-making process. As such, parties must work with one another to form coalition governments. The whole election process is held by the National Jury of Elections and the National Office of Electoral Processes. Peru has compulsory voting.[2][3]
Background
[edit]Secret ballots were introduced in 1931, along with an expansion of suffrage to allow all literate males to vote.[4] From 1993 to 2026, Peru had a unicameral legislature. Inaugurations are typically held on July 28.
Schedule
[edit]| Position | 2016 | 2020 | 2021 | 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Presidential (April & June) Congress (April) Gubernatorial (April & June) | Congress (January) | Presidential (April & June) National Congress (April) Gubernatorial (April & June) | Presidential (April & June) National Congress (April) Gubernatorial (April & June) |
| President and vice president |
President and vice president | None | President and vice president | President and vice president |
| Congress | All seats | All seats | All seats | All seats |
| Provinces, cities and municipalities | All positions | None | All positions | All positions |
Latest elections
[edit]Presidential election
[edit]The president is elected using the two-round system.[5] The first round of voting allows eligible voters to vote for any viable presidential candidate.[5] The top two candidates who receive a plurality of the vote proceed to the run-off election.[5] The winner of the run-off election and the presidential election is the candidate who receives a plurality of the popular vote.[5][6] However, if in the first round the candidate who is in the first place already gets more than 50% of the popular vote, that candidate will automatically win the election and a run-off election will no longer be needed.[6]
Parliamentary election
[edit]Senate
[edit] | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Single National Constituency | Congressional Constituencies | Total seats | |||||
| Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | |||
| Popular Force | 2,227,962 | 15.06 | 7 | 2,166,895 | 15.84 | 15 | 22 | |
| Together for Peru | 1,808,783 | 12.23 | 5 | 1,357,453 | 9.92 | 9 | 14 | |
| Popular Renewal | 1,633,110 | 11.04 | 5 | 1,620,141 | 11.84 | 3 | 8 | |
| Party of Good Government | 1,549,920 | 10.48 | 5 | 1,574,317 | 11.51 | 2 | 7 | |
| Civic Party OBRAS | 1,307,340 | 8.84 | 4 | 1,237,374 | 9.05 | 1 | 5 | |
| Ahora Nación | 1,210,147 | 8.18 | 4 | 1,157,790 | 8.46 | 0 | 4 | |
| Country for All | 859,371 | 5.81 | 0 | 846,063 | 6.18 | 0 | 0 | |
| First the People | 524,212 | 3.54 | 0 | 448,850 | 3.28 | 0 | 0 | |
| SíCreo Party | 405,601 | 2.74 | 0 | 60,382 | 0.44 | 0 | 0 | |
| Alliance for Progress | 392,855 | 2.66 | 0 | 348,025 | 2.54 | 0 | 0 | |
| Podemos Perú | 330,893 | 2.24 | 0 | 329,063 | 2.41 | 0 | 0 | |
| Peruvian Aprista Party | 253,499 | 1.71 | 0 | 247,504 | 1.81 | 0 | 0 | |
| Front of Hope 2021 | 244,112 | 1.65 | 0 | 254,401 | 1.86 | 0 | 0 | |
| Agricultural People's Front of Peru | 231,172 | 1.56 | 0 | 268,369 | 1.96 | 0 | 0 | |
| We Are Peru | 201,460 | 1.36 | 0 | 234,351 | 1.71 | 0 | 0 | |
| Popular Cooperation | 165,841 | 1.12 | 0 | 160,111 | 1.17 | 0 | 0 | |
| Peru First | 154,881 | 1.05 | 0 | 169,652 | 1.24 | 0 | 0 | |
| Progresemos | 146,387 | 0.99 | 0 | 127,381 | 0.93 | 0 | 0 | |
| Venceremos | 135,721 | 0.92 | 0 | 108,681 | 0.79 | 0 | 0 | |
| A Different Path | 126,930 | 0.86 | 0 | 128,437 | 0.94 | 0 | 0 | |
| United Peru Democratic Party | 120,395 | 0.81 | 0 | 97,205 | 0.71 | 0 | 0 | |
| Patriotic Party of Peru | 115,106 | 0.78 | 0 | 55,531 | 0.41 | 0 | 0 | |
| Free Peru | 112,132 | 0.76 | 0 | 128,231 | 0.94 | 0 | 0 | |
| Go on Country – Social Integration Party | 74,251 | 0.50 | 0 | 79,121 | 0.58 | 0 | 0 | |
| Purple Party | 72,942 | 0.49 | 0 | 73,439 | 0.54 | 0 | 0 | |
| People's Liberty | 68,930 | 0.47 | 0 | 68,939 | 0.50 | 0 | 0 | |
| Green Democratic Party | 67,909 | 0.46 | 0 | 67,049 | 0.49 | 0 | 0 | |
| National Unity | 57,605 | 0.39 | 0 | 62,727 | 0.46 | 0 | 0 | |
| Democratic Integrity | 55,073 | 0.37 | 0 | 55,480 | 0.41 | 0 | 0 | |
| Force and Liberty | 32,652 | 0.22 | 0 | 38,730 | 0.28 | 0 | 0 | |
| Faith in Peru | 27,106 | 0.18 | 0 | 18,585 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | |
| Federal Democratic Party | 22,105 | 0.15 | 0 | 17,843 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | |
| Peru Action | 21,748 | 0.15 | 0 | 19,145 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | |
| PRIN Political Party | 21,101 | 0.14 | 0 | 18,866 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | |
| Workers and Entrepreneurs Party | 15,989 | 0.11 | 0 | 6,641 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | |
| Let's Save Peru | 14,914 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Modern Peru | 12,061 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Total | 14,795,241 | 100.00 | 30 | 13,679,747 | 100.00 | 30 | 60 | |
| Valid votes | 14,795,241 | 73.26 | 13,679,747 | 67.75 | ||||
| Invalid votes | 3,123,742 | 15.47 | 3,268,589 | 16.19 | ||||
| Blank votes | 2,275,639 | 11.27 | 3,244,035 | 16.07 | ||||
| Total votes | 20,194,622 | 100.00 | 20,192,371 | 100.00 | ||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 27,325,432 | 73.90 | 27,325,432 | 73.90 | ||||
| Source: ONPE Single District, ONPE Multiple District |
Chamber of Deputies
[edit] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Popular Force | 2,114,389 | 14.66 | 41 | +17 | |
| Popular Renewal | 1,593,041 | 11.04 | 15 | +2 | |
| Together for Peru | 1,553,154 | 10.77 | 32 | +27 | |
| Party of Good Government | 1,509,987 | 10.47 | 18 | New | |
| Ahora Nación | 1,224,556 | 8.49 | 10 | New | |
| Civic Party OBRAS | 1,199,888 | 8.32 | 14 | New | |
| Country for All | 838,901 | 5.82 | 0 | New | |
| First the People | 434,740 | 3.01 | 0 | New | |
| Alliance for Progress | 401,468 | 2.78 | 0 | −15 | |
| Podemos Perú | 379,812 | 2.63 | 0 | −5 | |
| We Are Peru | 308,218 | 2.14 | 0 | −5 | |
| Agricultural People's Front of Peru | 272,759 | 1.89 | 0 | 0 | |
| Peruvian Aprista Party | 268,803 | 1.86 | 0 | New | |
| SíCreo Party | 244,781 | 1.70 | 0 | New | |
| Front of Hope 2021 | 241,274 | 1.67 | 0 | New | |
| Peru First | 197,520 | 1.37 | 0 | New | |
| Popular Cooperation | 163,734 | 1.13 | 0 | New | |
| Venceremos | 162,492 | 1.13 | 0 | New | |
| Free Peru | 138,137 | 0.96 | 0 | −37 | |
| Progresemos | 134,050 | 0.93 | 0 | New | |
| A Different Path | 129,484 | 0.90 | 0 | New | |
| Go on Country – Social Integration Party | 120,160 | 0.83 | 0 | −7 | |
| People's Liberty | 106,347 | 0.74 | 0 | New | |
| Patriotic Party of Peru | 99,216 | 0.69 | 0 | New | |
| United Peru Democratic Party | 93,554 | 0.65 | 0 | New | |
| Purple Party | 88,017 | 0.61 | 0 | −3 | |
| Green Democratic Party | 77,126 | 0.53 | 0 | New | |
| National Unity | 71,735 | 0.50 | 0 | New | |
| Democratic Integrity | 60,273 | 0.42 | 0 | New | |
| Force and Liberty | 47,969 | 0.33 | 0 | New | |
| PRIN Political Party | 28,022 | 0.19 | 0 | New | |
| Faith in Peru | 26,894 | 0.19 | 0 | New | |
| Federal Democratic Party | 23,041 | 0.16 | 0 | New | |
| Let's Save Peru | 21,275 | 0.15 | 0 | New | |
| Peru Action | 20,566 | 0.14 | 0 | New | |
| Modern Peru | 18,508 | 0.13 | 0 | New | |
| Workers and Entrepreneurs Party | 12,567 | 0.09 | 0 | New | |
| Total | 14,426,458 | 100.00 | 130 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 14,426,458 | 71.45 | |||
| Invalid votes | 3,135,238 | 15.53 | |||
| Blank votes | 2,629,017 | 13.02 | |||
| Total votes | 20,190,713 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 27,325,432 | 73.89 | |||
| Source: ONPE |
Laws
[edit]- Sale of alcohol and carrying firearms (except for Members of the Armed Forces and the National Police) are forbidden during an election.
- Political gatherings are forbidden, while public gatherings of any sort are prohibited during voting hours, including religious liturgies and entertainment shows. Clergy of any religion can not participate in their distinctive garments or habits.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ "Peru's 2026 Elections: How will senators and representatives be elected?". Andina. 16 January 2026.
- ↑ "Peru: Electoral Systems". Political Database of the Americas. 14 March 2012.
- ↑ Jason Brennan; Lisa Hill (12 June 2014). Compulsory Voting: For and Against. Cambridge University Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-107-04151-6.
- ↑ Bertram, Geoffrey (1991), "Peru, 1930–60", in Bethell, Leslie (ed.), The Cambridge History of Latin America, vol. 8: Latin America since 1930: Spanish South America, Cambridge University Press, pp. 383–450, doi:10.1017/chol9780521266529.008, ISBN 978-0-521-26652-9
- 1 2 3 4 "Peru election race tightens as Fujimori gains, poll shows". Reuters. 7 May 2021. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
- 1 2 "In Peru's Presidential Election, the Most Popular Choice Is No One". The New York Times. 12 April 2021. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.