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Demographics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Demographics of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Population pyramid of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2020
Population95,894,118 (2021 est.)
Growth rate3.24% (2022 est.)
Birth rate40.08 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate7.94 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy61.83 years
 • male60.03 years
 • female63.69 years
Fertility rate6.05 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Infant mortality60.85 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Immigrant share1.0% (2024)[1]
Age structure
0–14 years46.38%
65 and over2.47%
Sex ratio
Total1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151.01 male(s)/female
65 and over0.6 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityCongolese
Language
OfficialFrench
Democratic Republic of the Congos population between 1960 and 2017.

Demographic features of the population of the Democratic Republic of the Congo include ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

As many as 250 ethnic groups have been distinguished and named.[2] The most numerous people are the Luba, Mongo, and Kongo.

Although 700 local languages and dialects are spoken, the linguistic variety is bridged both by the use of French, and the intermediary languages Kikongo ya leta, Tshiluba, Swahili, and Lingala.

Population

[edit]
Historical population of the DR Congo

The CIA World Factbook estimated the population to be over 105 million as of 2022 (the exact number being 108,407,721), now exceeding that of Vietnam (with 98,721,275 inhabitants as of 2020) and ascending the country to the rank of 14th most populous in the world.[3] The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2020 was 46.38%, 51.15% of the population was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.47% was 65 years or older.[3][4]

Total population[3] Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 12 184 00043.752.53.8
1955 13 580 00043.853.13.1
1960 15 368 00043.853.32.9
1965 17 543 00043.953.22.8
1970 20 267 00044.452.82.8
1975 23 317 00044.952.32.8
1980 27 019 00045.451.82.8
1985 31 044 00046.151.12.8
1990 36 406 00047.050.22.8
1995 44 067 00047.949.42.7
2000 49 626 00048.049.42.7
2005 57 421 00047.549.92.7
2010 65 966 00046.351.12.7
2020 101 780 26346.451.22.5

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Post-censal estimates.) (Provisional.):[5]

Age group Male Female Total %
Total 50 286 000 51 472 000 101 758 000 100
0–4 9 956 000 9 780 000 19 736 000 19.40
5–9 8 046 000 7 978 000 16 024 000 15.75
10–14 6 638 000 6 588 000 13 226 000 13.00
15–19 5 280 000 5 250 000 10 530 000 10.35
20–24 4 224 000 4 272 000 8 496 000 8.35
25–29 3 621 000 3 603 000 7 224 000 7.10
30–34 3 017 000 3 037 000 6 054 000 5.95
35–39 2 565 000 2 728 000 5 293 000 5.20
40–44 2 011 000 2 059 000 4 070 000 4.00
45–49 1 307 000 1 493 000 2 800 000 2.75
50–54 1 056 000 1 287 000 2 343 000 2.30
55–59 704 000 926 000 1 630 000 1.60
60–64 704 000 926 000 1 630 000 1.60
65–69 553 000 721 000 1 274 000 1.25
70–74 302 000 412 000 714 000 0.70
75+ 302 000 412 000 714 000 0.70
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 24 640 000 24 346 000 48 986 000 48.14
15–64 24 489 000 25 581 000 50 070 000 49.20
65+ 1 157 000 1 545 000 2 702 000 2.66

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (DHS 2023-24): [6]

Age Group Male Female Total
0–4 17.6 15.4 16.5
5–9 17.5 16.4 17.0
10–14 16.0 15.5 15.7
15–19 10.7 9.9 10.3
20–24 7.0 8.3 7.7
25–29 5.1 6.3 5.7
30–34 4.4 5.2 4.8
35–39 4.6 5.1 4.9
40–44 3.8 3.5 3.6
45–49 2.9 2.8 2.9
50–54 2.6 3.9 3.3
55–59 2.0 2.4 2.2
60–64 2.6 2.0 2.3
65-69 1.5 1.4 1.4
70-74 0.8 0.9 0.8
75-79 0.5 0.5 0.5
80+ 0.4 0.4 0.4
Age group Male Female Total
0–14 51.1 47.3 49.2
15–64 45.7 49.5 47.7
65+ 3.2 3.2 3.1
View source data.
View source data.
View source data.

Census

[edit]

The first and so far only census conducted in DR Congo dates from 1984.[7] A census is supposed to be conducted decennially, but this has been obstructed by periods of instability such as the political reorganization in 1991 and the civil war in 1996.[8]

In January 2015, the parliament passed a law requiring that a census be completed before the next election. Opponents said this was intended to keep Joseph Kabila in power by delaying the next election, leading to protests that caused several deaths. The parliament repealed the law and the census did not take place.[9]

The second general census of population and housing is underway as of 2024.[10] President Félix Tshisekedi called for a census to improve demographic policies and to enable the creation of national identity cards.[11][8] The National Office for Population Identification (ONIP), founded in 2011, was tasked with leading the census, settling a dispute between bids by the Ministries of Interior, Planning, and Digital Technology.[8] Preliminary mapping was conducted in 2018 under Minister of State Modeste Bahati Lukwebo.[12] Data collection began on 2 March 2020 and was scheduled to end on 10 June, but implementation was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[13] Data collection was arranged by the Ministries of Planning, Budget, and Finance, and the electoral commission sent materials to the ONIP and the National Statistics Institute [fr].[11] In 2022, Prime Minister Sama Lukonde issued a decree about the operations of the census.[8] The government allocated the census 250 million dollars of its 2022 budget.[14] The census is planned to be completed in 2025 with an expected budget of US$153,700,453.[10]

Vital statistics

[edit]

Registration of vital events in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.[15]

Period Population Live births Deaths Natural change CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR* Life expectancy
1950 12,174,000 566,000 326,000 239,000 46.0 26.6 19.5 5.97 179.9 38.31
1951 12,415,000 579,000 328,000 251,000 46.1 26.2 20.0 5.97 178.5 38.44
1952 12,671,000 592,000 327,000 264,000 46.2 25.6 20.6 5.97 175.8 38.85
1953 12,937,000 607,000 329,000 278,000 46.4 25.1 21.2 5.98 173.3 39.14
1954 13,202,000 619,000 330,000 289,000 46.3 24.7 21.6 5.98 171.0 39.47
1955 13,484,000 632,000 333,000 299,000 46.3 24.4 21.9 5.98 168.8 39.72
1956 13,777,000 646,000 336,000 311,000 46.4 24.1 22.3 5.99 166.7 39.98
1957 14,084,000 663,000 338,000 325,000 46.5 23.7 22.8 6.01 164.7 40.32
1958 14,402,000 681,000 343,000 338,000 46.7 23.5 23.2 6.04 162.9 40.50
1959 14,714,000 698,000 348,000 349,000 46.8 23.4 23.4 6.07 161.2 40.64
1960 15,069,000 716,000 354,000 362,000 46.9 23.2 23.7 6.08 159.8 40.86
1961 15,460,000 738,000 370,000 368,000 47.1 23.6 23.5 6.11 159.6 40.24
1962 15,864,000 761,000 378,000 383,000 47.4 23.5 23.8 6.13 158.1 40.34
1963 16,287,000 785,000 385,000 400,000 47.5 23.3 24.2 6.16 156.5 40.60
1964 16,728,000 808,000 403,000 406,000 47.7 23.8 24.0 6.18 155.7 40.05
1965 17,183,000 833,000 404,000 429,000 47.9 23.2 24.7 6.21 153.1 40.70
1966 17,673,000 859,000 397,000 462,000 47.9 22.1 25.8 6.24 149.5 42.05
1967 18,191,000 885,000 405,000 480,000 48.0 21.9 26.0 6.27 147.3 42.31
1968 18,735,000 910,000 411,000 500,000 47.9 21.6 26.3 6.30 145.1 42.71
1969 19,290,000 935,000 418,000 517,000 47.8 21.4 26.4 6.32 142.7 42.98
1970 19,851,000 959,000 425,000 534,000 47.6 21.1 26.5 6.34 140.5 43.28
1971 20,424,000 985,000 431,000 554,000 47.5 20.8 26.8 6.38 138.3 43.66
1972 20,967,000 1,006,000 437,000 569,000 47.3 20.5 26.8 6.40 136.4 43.93
1973 21,535,000 1,026,000 445,000 582,000 47.0 20.4 26.6 6.41 134.7 44.10
1974 22,121,000 1,047,000 451,000 597,000 46.7 20.1 26.6 6.42 133.3 44.41
1975 22,717,000 1,070,000 460,000 610,000 46.4 20.0 26.4 6.42 132.1 44.47
1976 23,325,000 1,091,000 468,000 623,000 46.1 19.8 26.3 6.43 130.9 44.66
1977 23,923,000 1,111,000 476,000 634,000 45.8 19.6 26.1 6.43 129.8 44.76
1978 24,535,000 1,134,000 491,000 643,000 45.6 19.7 25.8 6.44 129.1 44.54
1979 25,450,000 1,184,000 496,000 688,000 45.9 19.2 26.7 6.46 126.9 45.21
1980 26,323,000 1,227,000 507,000 720,000 46.0 19.0 27.0 6.47 125.1 45.47
1981 27,099,000 1,260,000 517,000 744,000 45.9 18.8 27.1 6.49 123.5 45.72
1982 27,902,000 1,293,000 526,000 766,000 45.8 18.6 27.2 6.50 121.9 45.92
1983 28,774,000 1,333,000 535,000 798,000 45.9 18.5 27.5 6.55 120.3 46.18
1984 29,728,000 1,377,000 545,000 832,000 46.2 18.3 27.9 6.60 118.7 46.45
1985 30,763,000 1,433,000 559,000 873,000 46.5 18.2 28.4 6.65 117.4 46.62
1986 31,767,000 1,480,000 571,000 910,000 46.7 18.0 28.7 6.69 116.1 46.91
1987 32,763,000 1,529,000 579,000 950,000 46.8 17.7 29.1 6.74 114.9 47.34
1988 33,834,000 1,568,000 588,000 980,000 46.5 17.4 29.1 6.73 113.7 47.77
1989 34,931,000 1,610,000 596,000 1,014,000 46.3 17.1 29.1 6.74 112.6 48.17
1990 36,043,000 1,652,000 604,000 1,047,000 46.0 16.8 29.2 6.70 111.3 48.60
1991 37,325,000 1,713,000 617,000 1,097,000 46.1 16.6 29.5 6.69 110.1 48.95
1992 38,526,000 1,761,000 629,000 1,132,000 45.9 16.4 29.5 6.67 108.9 49.24
1993 39,932,000 1,804,000 638,000 1,165,000 45.7 16.2 29.5 6.64 108.1 49.55
1994 41,381,000 1,878,000 653,000 1,225,000 45.9 16.0 29.9 6.67 107.0 49.88
1995 43,873,000 2,046,000 682,000 1,364,000 47.1 15.7 31.4 6.71 105.7 50.41
1996 44,995,000 2,083,000 730,000 1,353,000 46.8 16.4 30.4 6.72 106.4 49.31
1997 45,598,000 2,067,000 707,000 1,360,000 45.8 15.7 30.2 6.73 103.7 50.40
1998 46,462,000 2,071,000 729,000 1,342,000 45.1 15.9 29.2 6.73 101.5 49.70
1999 48,133,000 2,128,000 739,000 1,389,000 45.0 15.6 29.4 6.72 99.5 49.95
2000 49,693,000 2,189,000 712,000 1,477,000 45.0 14.6 30.4 6.72 97.3 51.78
2001 51,322,000 2,245,000 721,000 1,525,000 44.8 14.4 30.4 6.70 95.0 52.12
2002 52,943,000 2,310,000 733,000 1,577,000 44.7 14.2 30.5 6.67 92.6 52.33
2003 54,558,000 2,372,000 738,000 1,634,000 44.5 13.9 30.7 6.64 89.9 52.83
2004 56,130,000 2,426,000 738,000 1,688,000 44.3 13.5 30.8 6.62 87.2 53.43
2005 57,865,000 2,499,000 743,000 1,757,000 44.2 13.1 31.1 6.60 84.6 53.93
2006 59,686,000 2,592,000 746,000 1,846,000 44.4 12.8 31.6 6.59 82.0 54.53
2007 61,546,000 2,675,000 756,000 1,920,000 44.4 12.5 31.8 6.58 79.4 54.92
2008 63,410,000 2,767,000 764,000 2,003,000 44.4 12.3 32.2 6.58 77.0 55.34
2009 65,372,000 2,867,000 771,000 2,096,000 44.6 12.0 32.6 6.59 74.5 55.84
2010 67,453,000 2,957,000 774,000 2,183,000 44.5 11.7 32.9 6.59 72.2 56.42
2011 69,674,000 3,069,000 776,000 2,293,000 44.7 11.3 33.4 6.58 70.0 57.07
2012 72,025,000 3,171,000 793,000 2,378,000 44.6 11.2 33.5 6.56 68.0 57.25
2013 74,484,000 3,247,000 797,000 2,450,000 44.2 10.9 33.4 6.53 65.9 57.76
2014 77,095,000 3,345,000 802,000 2,543,000 44.0 10.6 33.4 6.48 64.0 58.30
2015 79,712,000 3,433,000 818,000 2,615,000 43.6 10.4 33.2 6.44 62.2 58.49
2016 82,359,000 3,532,000 820,000 2,712,000 43.4 10.1 33.3 6.39 60.4 59.07
2017 85,554,000 3,647,000 832,000 2,815,000 43.3 9.9 33.4 6.35 58.6 59.41
2018 88,613,000 3,748,000 835,000 2,913,000 43.0 9.6 33.4 6.30 56.9 59.94
2019 91,482,000 3,839,000 844,000 2,995,000 42.7 9.4 33.3 6.25 55.5 60.28
2020 94,413,000 3,930,000 886,000 3,044,000 42.3 9.5 32.8 6.21 53.9 59.74
2021 97,567,000 4,158,000 930,000 3,163,000 41.9 9.4 31.9 6.16 52.0 60.0
2022 100,731,000 4,262,000 914,000 3,333,000 41.6 8.9 32.7 6.11 50.5 61.0
2023 104,063,000 4,370,000 902,000 3,453,000 41.3 8.5 32.8 6.05 49.3 61.9
2024   40.9 8.4 32.5 5.98
2025   40.4 8.3 32.1 5.90
*CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000 people); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000 people); NC = natural change (per 1000 people), also equals CBR minus CDR; IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Population estimates by INS

[edit]

The Institute of National Statistics of the DRC has provided population estimates from 1984 and 2000-2019:[16][17]

  • 1984: 30,631,000
  • 2000: 52,099,000
  • 2001: 53,870,000
  • 2002: 55,702,000
  • 2003: 57,596,000
  • 2004: 59,554,000
  • 2005: 61,579,000
  • 2006: 63,673,000
  • 2007: 65,837,000
  • 2008: 68,076,000
  • 2009: 70,391,000
  • 2010: 72,784,000
  • 2011: 75,259,000
  • 2012: 77,817,000
  • 2013: 80,462,000
  • 2014: 83,197,000
  • 2015: 86,024,000
  • 2016: 88,957,000
  • 2017: 91,994,000
  • 2018: 94,921,000
  • 2019: 98,370,000

Fertility

[edit]

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR) for urban and rural areas:[18]

The Wanted Fertility Rate is an estimate of what the fertility rate would be if all unwanted births were avoided.[19]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
2007 44.1 6.3 (5.6) 40.4 5.4 (4.8) 46.8 7.0 (6.2)
2013–14 44.1 6.6 (5.7) 40.5 5.4 (4.6) 45.9 7.3 (6.5)
2023–24 35.7 5.5 (4.8) 30.4 4.2 (3.5) 38.6 6.4 (5.7)

Fertility data per province, as of 2014:[20]

Province Total fertility rate Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49
Kinshasa4.25.74.8
Bas-Congo6.012.66.5
Bandundu6.312.16.1
Équateur7.014.36.5
Orientale5.911.65.3
Nord-Kivu6.59.76.7
Sud-Kivu7.712.57.4
Maniema6.914.87.0
Katanga7.812.87.3
Kasaï Oriental7.312.47.5
Kasaï Occidental8.214.27.5
Years19251926192719281929[21]
Total Fertility Rate in Democratic Republic of the Congo5.995.995.995.995.99
Years1930193119321933193419351936193719381939[21]
Total Fertility Rate in Democratic Republic of the Congo5.995.995.995.995.995.995.995.995.995.99
Years1940194119421943194419451946194719481949[21]
Total Fertility Rate in Democratic Republic of the Congo5.995.995.995.995.995.995.995.995.995.99

Life expectancy

[edit]
Life expectancy in DR Congo since 1950
Life expectancy in DR Congo since 1960 by gender
Period Life expectancy in
Years[22]
1950–1955 39.06
1955–1960 Increase 40.55
1960–1965 Increase 41.63
1965–1970 Increase 42.99
1970–1975 Increase 44.77
1975–1980 Increase 45.63
1980–1985 Increase 47.13
1985–1990 Increase 48.25
1990–1995 Increase 49.59
1995–2000 Decrease 48.89
2000–2005 Increase 51.84
2005–2010 Increase 55.48
2010–2015 Increase 58.10

Ethnic groups

[edit]
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This section needs more citations. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Over 250 ethnic groups and 450 tribes (ethnic subgroups) populate the Democratic Republic of Congo. These ethnic groups are from the Bantu, Sudanic, Nilotic, Ubangian and Pygmy linguistic groups. There is no dominant ethnic group in Congo; the following ethnic groups account for 51.5% of the population:[23][failed verification]

Breakdown of the largest ethnic groups in DRC

Ethnic groups include:

People of European descent (white) and Asian groups make up a significant part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo's migrant population. Most Europeans and Asians went to the country for temporary employment.[24]

Languages

[edit]
French
 
 79%
Lingala
 
 59%
Swahili
 
 40%
Kikongo
 
 17%
Tshiluba
 
 17%
English
 
 7%
Percentage of the DRC population who speak each of the five national languages, plus English.[25]

The five major languages in the DRC are French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca, or trade language), Swahili (more specifically Congo Swahili such as the Kingwana dialect), Kikongo ya leta or Kituba (a Kikongo-based creole language), and Tshiluba or Luba-Kasai. In total, there are over 200 languages spoken in the DRC.

French, the official language, is generally the language of instruction in schools. However, English is taught as a compulsory foreign language in secondary schools around the country. It is a required subject in the Faculty of Economics at major universities around the country, and there are numerous language schools in the country that teach it. Many Congolese, such as former president Joseph Kabila, are fluent in both English and French.

Religions

[edit]
Christian church in Kisangani

A survey conducted by the Demographic and Health Surveys program in 2013–2014 indicated that Christians constituted 93.7% of the population (Catholics 29.7%, Protestants 26.8%, and other Christians 37.2%). An indigenous religion, Kimbanguism, was practiced by 2.8% of the population, while Muslims make up 1.2%.[26]

Another estimate (by the Pew Research Center in 2010) found Christianity was followed by 95.8% of the population.[27]

The CIA The World Factbook gives the following percentages: Roman Catholic 29.9%, Protestant 26.7%, Kimbanguist 2.8%, Other Christian 36.5%, Islam 1.3%, Other (includes Syncretic Sects and Indigenous beliefs) 2.7%.[3]

Population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate, United Nations estimates

Congolese diaspora

[edit]
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2016)

The table below shows DRC born people who have emigrated abroad in selected Western countries (although it excludes their descendants).[28]

Rank Country Region Year DRC born population
1  France Europe 2010 59,641
2  Belgium Europe 2015 44,715
3  Canada North America 2021 39,475[29]
4  United States North America 2011–13 20,410
5  United Kingdom Europe 2011 19,193
6  Germany Europe 2011 (foreign citizens) 9,299
7   Switzerland Europe 2011 6,724
8  Italy Europe 2015 6,010
9  Netherlands Europe 2015 4,973
10  Sweden Europe 2015 3,092
11  Brazil South America 2025 3,001
12  Australia Oceania 2011 2,576
13  Norway Europe 2015 2,210
14  Spain Europe 2013 1,494
15  Finland Europe 2015 1,523
16  Denmark Europe 2015 1,264
17  Austria Europe 2015 1,258

These are only estimates and do not account for Congolese migrants residing illegally in these and other countries. Among African countries, Congo's diaspora is second only to Nigeria in size.[citation needed]

See also

[edit]

Congolese ethnic groups:

Other articles

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "International Migrant Stock". United Nations Population Division. Retrieved 12 June 2026.
  2. ↑ "Congo (Kinshasa) (01/08)". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Congo, Democratic Republic of the". The World Factbook. CIA. 18 April 2022. Archived from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  4. ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision". Population Division. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Archived from the original on 6 May 2011.
  5. ↑ "Demographic and Social Statistics: Demographic Yearbook – 2020". United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  6. ↑ "République Démocratique du Congo" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2025.
  7. ↑ "Recensement scientifique de la population 1984. Résultats provisoires" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Mbardounka, Chérif Ousman (14 May 2024). "Le pays africain dont les citoyens n'ont pas de carte d'identité depuis 40 ans". BBC News (in French). Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  9. ↑ Ross, Aaron (25 January 2015). "Congo parliament passes election law stripped of census requirement". Reuters. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  10. 1 2 "Recensement général de la population et de l'Habitat". Ministère du Plan (in French). 9 April 2024. Archived from the original on 20 April 2024. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  11. 1 2 Muamba, Clément (23 March 2024). "RDC : Félix Tshisekedi rappelle au gouvernement la nécessité d'organiser le deuxième recensement général pour " intervenir plus efficacement " en faveur des populations". Actualite.cd (in French). Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  12. ↑ "2nd General Census of Population and Housing in DRC: Evaluation of pilot cartography". United Nations Population Fund. 15 May 2018. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  13. ↑ "Responses to the 1st UNSD survey on the impact of COVID-19". United Nations Statistics Division. 2020. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  14. ↑ "RDC's government confirms general census is going ahead". Africanews. 1 October 2022. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  15. ↑ "World Population Prospects 2022 – Demographic Indicators – Compact (most used: estimates and medium projections) (XLSX, 24.07 MB)". United Nations Population Division. tab "Estimates". Archived from the original (xlsx) on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2022. (found under: World Population Prospects 2022 – Download Files Archived 11 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine)
  16. ↑ "République Démocratique du Congo Annuaire Statistique 2014" (PDF). undp.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 June 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
  17. ↑ "République Démocratique du Congo Annuaire Statistique 2020" (PDF). undp.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
  18. ↑ "Congo, Dem. Rep. - Enquête Démographique et de Santé 2007". microdata.worldbank.org.
  19. ↑ "Fertility and wanted fertility". Our World in Data. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  20. ↑ "Democratic Republic of Congo" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2015.
  21. 1 2 3 Our World in Data. "Children born per woman". Archived from the original on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2026.
  22. ↑ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  23. ↑ "Democratic Republic of Congo in Crisis | Human Rights Watch". Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  24. ↑ "Democratic Republic of the Congo – Ethnic Groups, Languages, Religion". Encyclopaedia Britannica.
  25. ↑ Target study: French the most spoken language in DRC, far ahead of Lingala
  26. ↑ "Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS-RDC) 2013-2014" (PDF) (in French). Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en œuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité, Ministère de la Santé Publique. p. 36. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  27. ↑ "Global Religious Landscape". Pew Forum. 18 December 2012. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
  28. ↑ Schoumaker, Marie-Laurence; Flahaux, Bruno (19 April 2016). "Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Migration History Marked by Crises and Restrictions". Migration Policy Institute. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  29. ↑ "Immigrant status and period of immigration by place of birth and citizenship: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada Statistique Canada. 7 May 2021. Archived from the original on 3 December 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2023.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2007 ed.). CIA.

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Demographics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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