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Pharmaceutical compound
Ψ-2C-DFMO, also known as ψ-2C-O-35 or as 4-difluoromethoxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and ψ-phenethylamine families.[2][1] It is the phenethylamine (α-demethyl) analogue of ψ-DODFMO and is also structurally related to other psychedelics like difluoromescaline (DFM) and 2C-T-35 (2C-T-DFM).[2][1] The drug has been found to be active at a dose of 17 mg orally, with moderately intense effects and a relatively long duration of around 18 hours.[2][1] Ψ-2C-DFMO was first described in the scientific literature by Daniel Trachsel in 2012.[2][1]
- ^ a b c d e f Trachsel D (2012). "Fluorine in psychedelic phenethylamines". Drug Testing and Analysis. 4 (7–8): 577–590. doi:10.1002/dta.413. PMID 22374819.
The introduction of two fluorine atoms into the 4-MeO group of Ψ-2C-O (61) seems to change biological activity distinctly and leads to a fairly active and long acting compound (Ψ-2C-DFMO, 68. A single experiment with 17 mg was stated to be only moderately intense although a relatively long duration around 18 h was observed. Its α-methyl analog Ψ-DODFMO (69) has been shown to be moderately active in a single experiment with 2x5 mg, which had a long duration of action (around 20 h) as well. [...] Up to now only very little biological data can be found for the derivatives of the 2,4,6-series. Compounds 62–69 may further help understanding the structure-activity relationships of this class. At least two novel derivatives have been assayed. A modification of the human inactive Ψ-2C-O (61, >300 mg) to the 4-difluoromethoxy analog Ψ-2C-DFMO (68, 17 mg) could greatly change the pharmacological properties in humans leading to a fairly potent derivative. The derivative Ψ-DODFMO (69) showed some effects at a dose of 2x5 mg. Although too little data are available so far, this suggests that similarly to the 3,4,5-series, from the presence of an α-methyl group in the 2,4,6-series only a modest difference in human dose may result.
- ^ a b c d Trachsel D, Lehmann D, Enzensperger C (2013). Phenethylamine Von der Struktur zur Funktion. Nachtschatten Verlag AG. p. 885. ISBN 978-3-03788-700-4.
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| 4-Hydroxytryptamines | |
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| 5-Hydroxytryptamines | |
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| 5-Methoxytryptamines | |
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| Other ring subs. |
- 2,N,N-TMT
- 4,N,N-TMT
- 5-Bromo-DMT
- 5-Chloro-DMT
- 5-Fluoro-DMT
- 5-N,N-TMT
- 7,N,N-TMT
- 5-MeO-2,N,N-TMT
- 5-MeO-4,N,N-TMT
- 6-Fluoro-DMT
- 6-Hydroxy-DET (6-HO-DET)
- Bretisilocin (GM-2505; 5-fluoro-MET)
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| α-Alkyltryptamines |
- 5-Methoxy-α-alkyltryptamines: 5-MeO-AET
- α,N,N-TMT (α-Me-DMT; Alpha-N)
- 5-MeO-AMT (α,O-DMS; Alpha-O)
- α,N,O-TMS (5-MeO-α,N-DMT)
- α,N,N,O-TeMS (5-MeO-α,N,N-TMT)
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| Others | |
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- Ergolines/lysergamides (e.g., LSD)
- β-Carbolines and Harmala alkaloids (e.g., harmine, harmaline, 6-methoxyharmalan)
- Iboga alkaloids (e.g., 18-MAC, 18-MC, coronaridine, ibogaine, ibogamine, ME-18-MC, noribogaine, tabernanthine, voacangine)
- Ibogalogs (e.g., ibogainalog)
- O-Methylnordehydrobufotenine
- Partial ergolines (e.g., NDTDI, RU-28306, CT-5252)
- Piperidinylethylindoles (e.g., pip-T)
- Pyrrolidinylethylindoles (e.g., pyr-T, 5-MeO-pyr-T)
- Pyrrolidinylmethylindoles (e.g., MPMI, 4-HO-MPMI (lucigenol), 5-MeO-MPMI)
- Tetrahydropyridinylindoles (e.g., RU-28253 (5-MeO-THPI), NEtPhOH-THPI)
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- Benzofurans (e.g., 5-MeO-DiBF, dimemebfe (5-MeO-BFE), mebfap)
- Benzothiophenes (e.g., 3-APBT)
- Indazolethylamines (e.g., AL-38022A, O-methyl-AL-34662)
- Indenylethylamines (e.g., C-DMT)
- Isotryptamines (e.g., 6-MeO-isoDMT, Ro60-0175)
- MYCO-005
- Quinolinylethylamines (e.g., mefloquine)
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- Others: 2C-B-AN
- 2C-DB
- 2C-G-x (e.g., 2C-G-3, 2C-G-5)
- β-Keto-2C-B (βk-2C-B)
- β-Keto-2C-I (βk-2C-I)
- β-Methyl-2C-B (BMB)
- (e.g., BOB, BOD, BOH-2C-B)
- (e.g., HOT-2, HOT-7, HOT-17)
- N-Ethyl-2C-B
- (e.g., 2CD-2-ETO, 2CD-5-ETO, 2CE-5-ETO, 2CE-5iPrO, 2CT2-5-ETO, ASR-2001 (2CB-5PrO))
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| Others |
- 2-TOET
- 2-TOM
- 25B-NAcPip
- 4-HA
- 5-TOET
- 5-TOM
- Benzofurans (e.g., 5-APB, 5-APDB, 6-APB, 6-APDB, F, F-2, F-22)
- Benzothiophenes (e.g., 5-APBT, 6-APBT)
- CT-5172
- DMAs (e.g., 2,4-DMA, 3,4-DMA)
- Fenfluramine
- MMA (3-MeO-4-MA)
- Norfenfluramine
- (e.g., 25D-NM-NDEAOP, DOB-NDEPA, DOI-NDEPA, DOM-NDEPA, DOTFM-NDEPA, M-NDEPA, TMA-2-NDEPA)
- PMA (4-MA)
- (e.g., TMA-3, TMA-4, TMA-5)
- TOMSO
- ZDCM-04
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- 1-Aminomethylindanes (e.g., 2CB-Ind, jimscaline)
- 2-Aminoindanes (e.g., DOM-AI)
- 3-Benzazepines (e.g., lorcaserin)
- 3-Phenylpiperidines (e.g., LPH-5, LPH-48)
- Benzocyclobutenes (e.g., 2CBCB-NBOMe, TCB-2, tomscaline)
- Benzoxepins (e.g., BBOX, IBOX, TFMBOX)
- DMBMPP (juncosamine)
- Ergolines/lysergamides (e.g., LSD)
- Glaucine
- Partial ergolines (e.g., NDTDI, DEIMDHPCA, DEMPDHPCA, DEMTMPDHPCA, DEMNDHPCA)
- Phenylcyclopropylamines (e.g., DMCPA, TMT)
- Phenyloxazolamines (aminorexes) (e.g., 2C-B-aminorex)
- Pyridopyrroloquinoxalines (e.g., IHCH-7113)
- Z3517967757
- ZC-B
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| Others |
- Arylpiperazines (e.g., 2C-B-PP, 2-NP, mCPP, MK-212, ORG-12962, pCPP, pFPP, quipazine, TFMPP)
- Dihydrobenzoxazines (e.g., efavirenz)
- Phenoxyethylamines (e.g., CT-4719, ORG-37684)
- Pyridopyrroloquinoxalines (e.g., IHCH-7113)
- Quinazolinylethylamines (e.g., RH-34)
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| Natural sources |
- Tryptamines: Acacia spp. (e.g., Acacia acuminata, Acacia confusa)
- Ayahuasca and vinho de Jurema (e.g., Psychotria viridis (chacruna), Dipolopterys cabrerana (chaliponga, chacruna), Mimosa tenuiflora (Mimosa hostilis; jurema))
- Brosimum (e.g., Brosimum acutifolium (takini))
- Hallucinogenic snuffs (e.g., Anadenanthera peregrina (yopo, jopo, cohoba, parica, ebene), Anadenanthera colubrina (vilca, cebil))
- Incilius alvarius (Bufo alvarius; Colorado River toad, Sonoran Desert toad; bufo)
- Psilocybin-containing mushrooms (magic mushrooms, shrooms) (e.g., Psilocybe cubensis, Psilocybe mexicana (teonanacatl))
- Lysergamides: Achnatherum robustum (sleepy grass)
- Epichloë spp.
- Ergot (Claviceps) (e.g., Claviceps purpurea, Claviceps paspali)
- Morning glory (Convolvulaceae) seeds (e.g., Ipomoea tricolor (tlitliltzin, badoh negro; Ipomoea violacea), Ipomoea corymbosa (coaxihuitl, ololiúqui; Rivea Corymbosa, Turbina Corymbosa), Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian baby woodrose; HBWR))
- Periglandula spp. (e.g., Periglandula ipomoeae, Periglandula clandestina)
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| Phenethylamines | |
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| Amphetamines | |
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| Phentermines | |
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| Cathinones | |
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Phenylisobutylamines (and further-extended) | |
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Catecholamines (and close relatives) | |
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Cyclized phenethylamines | | Phenylalkylpyrrolidines | |
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2-Benzylpiperidines (phenidates) | |
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Phenylmorpholines (phenmetrazines) | |
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Phenyloxazolamines (aminorexes) | |
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Isoquinolines and tetrahydroisoquinolines | |
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| 2-Aminoindanes | |
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| 2-Aminotetralins | |
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| Others / unsorted |
- 1-Aminomethylindanes (e.g., 2CB-Ind, AMMI, bromojimscaline, jimscaline)
- 2-ADN
- 2-Benzhydrylpyrrolidine
- 2C-B-5-hemiFLY-α6 (BNAP)
- 2C-B-PYR
- 2CBecca
- 2CJP
- 2CLisaB
- 2CLisaH
- 3-Benzazepines (e.g., fenoldopam, lorcaserin, 7-chlorolorcaserin, SCHEMBL5334361)
- 3-Benzhydrylmorpholine
- 3-Phenylpiperidines (e.g., 3-phenylpiperidine, 3-PPP, OSU-6162 (PNU-96391), LPH-5, LPH-48, Z3517967757 (Z7757))
- 6-AB
- AL-1095
- Aminochromes (e.g., adrenochrome, adrenolutin)
- Benzocyclobutenes (e.g., 2CBCB-NBOMe, bromotomscaline, S33005, TCB-2, tomscaline)
- Benzoxepins (e.g., BBOX, IBOX, TFMBOX)
- Butyltolylquinuclidine
- Camfetamine
- Cypenamine (trans-2-phenylcyclopentylamine)
- Diphenidine
- Diphenylprolinol
- DMBMPP
- Ergolines (e.g., LSD)
- Fencamfamin
- GYKI-52895
- HDMP-29
- Ivabradine
- Methoxphenidine
- Methylmorphenate
- Milnacipran
- MT-45
- 2-Naphthylamine
- Org 6582
- Partial ergolines (e.g., NDTDI, RU-27849, DEIMDHPCA, DEMPDHPCA, DEMPDHPCA-2C-D, RU-27251)
- PF-592,379
- Phenylcyclopropylamines (e.g., DMCPA, TMT, tranylcypromine)
- Phenylpiracetams (e.g., phenylpiracetam, MRZ-9547, RGPU-95)
- Pyridopyrroloquinoxalines (e.g., lumateperone, deulumateperone, IHCH-7079, IHCH-7086, IHCH-7113, ITI-1549)
- Tetrahydrobenzopyranylamines (e.g., CT-5126)
- Tolazoline
- Tricyclics (e.g., AMDA, AMDH, benzoctamine, dizocilpine, SpAMDA)
- ZC-B
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| Related compounds |
- 2-Furylethylamine
- 2-Pyrrolylethylamine
- 3-Pyrrolylethylamine
- 3-Pyrrolylpropylamine
- 2-Tetrahydrofurylethylamine
- 4-Benzylpiperidine
- 7-AB
- Alkylamines (e.g., 1,3-DMBATooltip 1,3-dimethylbutylamine, 1,4-DMAATooltip 1,4-dimethylamylamine, heptaminol, iproheptine, isometheptene, methylhexanamine/1,3-DMAA, octodrine, oenethyl, tuaminoheptane)
- Benzylamines (e.g., benzylamine, α-methylbenzylamine, MDM1EA, ALPHA, M-ALPHA, pargyline)
- Benzylpiperazines (e.g., benzylpiperazine, MDBZP, fipexide)
- Cyclohexylaminopropanes (e.g., propylhexedrine, norpropylhexedrine)
- Cyclopentylaminopropanes (e.g., isocyclamine, cyclopentamine)
- Phenoxyethylamines (e.g., 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenoxyethylamine, CT-4719, ORG-37684)
- Phenylalkenylamines (e.g., phenylbutenamine)
- Phenylalkynylamines (e.g., phenylbutynamine)
- Phenylpiperazines (e.g., 1-phenylpiperazine, mCPPTooltip meta-chlorophenylpiperazine, TFMPPTooltip trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine, oMPPTooltip ortho-methylphenylpiperazine, pFPPTooltip para-fluorophenylpiperazine, pMeOPPTooltip para-methoxyphenylpiperazine)
- Phenylpropylamines (e.g., phenylpropylamine, homo-MDA, homo-MDMA)
- Thienylaminopropanes (thiopropamines) (e.g., thiopropamine, methiopropamine, thiothinone)
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