Articles

Evaluating a novel multi-species vector control tool for humanitarian crises: the efficacy of attractive targeted sugar baits among forcibly displaced populations in Northern Nigeria

Armed conflicts, natural disasters and forced population displacement have escalated dramatically since the 1990s. By mid-2024, the total number of people driven from their homes, often surviving in very harsh...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Lycopene intake and prostate cancer risk in men at high cardiovascular risk: a prospective cohort study

Intake of lycopene has been proposed as a protective dietary factor against prostate cancer development. Cardiovascular disease and prostate cancer share risk factors, which may modulate the effect of lycopene...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rate of maternal postnatal healthcare examinations in England: an OpenSAFELY interrupted time series analysis providing evidence of disparity in care access

Clinical guidance in England currently recommends that women undergo a postnatal health and wellbeing examination with a general practitioner 6-8 weeks after giving birth. The current study aimed to describe t...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Association between extreme temperature events and multimorbidity among older adults: evidence from the CHARLS

The older adults are a high-risk group for multimorbidity. However, a possible multimorbidity link with extreme temperature events is unknown. We aimed to explore the association of cold spells and heatwaves a...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Opening the black box: defining true-negative outcomes in esophageal cancer screening — a population-based study

Current negativity definition in esophageal cancer screening overlooks the risk heterogeneity between individuals with non-dysplastic Lugol’s unstained lesions (ND-LULs) and normal-stained epithelium. We aimed...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Risk of Parkinson’s disease after human papillomavirus infection: a nationwide cohort study

Little is known about the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to explore the risk of incident PD following HPV infection.

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Gaps in the detection of drug-drug interactions between antipsychotic and cardiometabolic medications: a multisource analysis

Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) are frequently prescribed both antipsychotic medications and cardiometabolic medications, placing them at increased risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). However, ...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Protein intake and transitions between frailty states in middle-aged and older adults: a multi-state transition model in the UK Biobank

Dietary protein may prevent or modulate the progression of frailty, by slowing down the decline of muscle mass, strength, and physical function with ageing. We aimed to examine the association between higher p...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Maternal body mass index in early pregnancy and autism in offspring: a population-based cohort study in Sweden and Denmark

Elevated maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) has been suggested to increase risk of offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but evidence is mixed across heterogeneous studies and robust estimates spa...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

The association between basic medical insurance and the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a cross-sectional study based on the national “Happy Breathing” Programme

China has established universal basic medical insurance to reduce financial barriers to improve healthcare access. However, the role of medical insurance in addressing broader population health challenges rema...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Suppression of 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase promotes remyelination in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a CNS autoimmune disease that is characterized by demyelination, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss. Although current chemotherapies and immunotherapies for MS efficiently mitigate...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Rising metastatic prostate cancer rates but narrowing racial gap

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in addressing racial disparities in prostate cancer (PCa) care including risk-adapted screening. This study examined trends in metastatic PCa incidence by ...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Progress and paradox in prostate cancer: advances, disparities, and the shifting landscape of metastatic disease

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Long-term efficacy of anterior nucleus of the thalamus deep brain stimulation in drug-resistant epilepsy: a 5-year multicenter study

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT-DBS) has demonstrated potential in reducing seizure frequency (SF) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). This multicenter ret...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Radiological characteristics for guiding intra-arterial therapy in intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma

To evaluate and contrast the efficacy and safety of trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) versus hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on v...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

The influence of fetal sex on maternal blood pressure in pregnancy

Pregnancy with a male compared to a female fetus carries a higher risk of term pre-eclampsia. Given evidence that maternal blood pressure (BP) may be raised in pregnancies with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (fet...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

The role of dynamic monitoring of plasma cell-free DNA methylation in predicting pathological response in resectable stage IIB-IIIB non-small cell lung cancer: biomarker analyses from a prospective phase II trial

Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy does not benefit all non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and reliable biomarkers are urgently needed. We conducted this prospective phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemoim...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Comparative efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy vs chemotherapy in resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: an umbrella review of randomized controlled trials and single-arm studies

The evolution of neoadjuvant therapies for resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has accelerated with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors. While platinum-based induction chemotherapy ...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Development and validation of a multidimensional and interpretable artificial intelligence model to predict gout recurrence in hospitalised patients: a real-world, ambispective multicentre cohort study in China

Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis. Recurrent flares are common among hospitalised patients and contribute to substantial clinical and economic burden. However, the accurate prediction of inpatient...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Impaired emotional processing in insomnia: REM sleep beta power and frontal cortex activation

Insomnia disorder is frequently associated with emotional dysregulation, but the underlying neural basis of emotion processing and its relationship to hyperarousal biomarkers, such as beta power during rapid e...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Prevalence of living alone with dementia and other progressive neurological conditions: findings from primary care data in England

Living alone with a neurodegenerative condition such as dementia may result in inequalities in access to support and resources. However, estimates of the number of people living alone vary widely in research s...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Structural rather than functional brain alterations that characterize the differences between major depressive disorder and primary insomnia: a comparative meta-analysis

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and primary insomnia (PI) share overlapping symptoms and neurobiological features, yet they represent distinct clinical entities. Thus, identifying both shared and disorder-spec...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease associations in the UK Biobank

This study evaluated observational and causal relationships between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cardiovascular disease and imaging phenotypes in the UK Biobank.

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Dynamic excitation/inhibition balance preceding seizure onset and its link to functional and structural brain architecture

Altered excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance is a key mechanism in epilepsy, but its dynamic changes before seizure onset remain unclear. The interictal suppression hypothesis suggests that inhibitory input iso...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

LEAST as a novel prediction model of hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a multi-center study

Considering the heavy burden on healthcare resources owing to HBV infection and the broad feasibility of transient elastography techniques in China, we aimed to construct and corroborate a liver stiffness meas...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Vaccine effectiveness against influenza A in older adults and the effect of chronic conditions: results from the I-MOVE and VEBIS multicentre European hospital case–control studies, 2015/16–2023/24

The Influenza – Monitoring Vaccine Effectiveness in Europe (I-MOVE/I-MOVE+) and Vaccine Effectiveness, Burden and Impact Studies (VEBIS) hospital networks have conducted seasonal multicentre, test-negative, ca...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Variations in surgical practice and adverse events following isolated proximal humerus fracture in adults – a comparative longitudinal cohort study of 53,852 patients from Denmark, England, and Sweden

Proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) are common injuries, but their management has remained controversial. Recent high-level evidence from randomized clinical trials has shown that for many PHFs, surgical treatme...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

IGF1-mediated mesenchymal-endothelial transition as a potential regulatory target in calcific aortic valve disease

Aortic valve interstitial cells (VICs) are considered a highly plastic heterogeneous mesenchymal cell population. Although previous studies have demonstrated their potential to differentiate into myofibroblast...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Ultrahigh-throughput screening of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus based on fluorescence-activated droplet sorting

Heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) is associated with suboptimal glycopeptide treatment outcomes. However, conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing fails to distinguish h...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Mid-term outcomes of paclitaxel-coated balloon for de novo non-small coronary lesions: a pooled analysis

The efficacy of drug-coated balloons (DCB) for the treatment of de novo, non-small coronary lesions remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world performance of DCB-only angioplasty in this se...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

The nature and frequency of food and beverage marketing on Kenyan national television: a mixed-method analysis of food advertisements, parent and children’s perspectives

Exposure of children and adolescents to unhealthy food through marketing and advertising on television (TV) is associated with increased consumption of unhealthy foods and subsequently, overweight/obesity and ...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

The mediating role of biological age in the impact of mood instability symptoms on neurodegenerative disease and mortality

Accumulating evidence links mood instability to an increased risk of adverse outcomes, yet its relationship with neurodegenerative diseases remains underexplored. This study examines the associations between m...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Bioresponsive engineered nanoparticles for immunomodulation

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as highly efficient drug delivery vehicles. NPs are characterised by their ability to safeguard drugs, enhance stability, prolong durability, and facilitate targeted tissue del...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Pathology-interpretable radiomic model for predicting clinical outcome in patients with osteosarcoma: a retrospective, multicenter study

Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor. Radiomic models show promise in globally evaluating the prognosis of osteosarcoma; however, they lack biological interpretability. We aimed to d...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Cost-effectiveness of preventive treatment regimens for latent tuberculosis infection among key community-level populations

Expanding tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) for high-risk populations with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a key component of the End TB Strategy. However, the high-risk population size is small,...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Concomitant use of direct oral anticoagulants and interacting antiarrhythmic drugs and the risk of stroke and bleeding among patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a multinational cohort study

Several antiarrhythmic drugs can interact with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) through pharmacokinetic mechanisms increasing DOAC levels. Our multinational cohort study assessed the effectiveness and safety...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Indications for the evaluation and supplementation of hypophosphatemia: an umbrella systematic review of reviews and guidelines

Hypophosphatemia, defined as low serum phosphate levels, is a frequent yet underrecognized condition associated with significant morbidity. Its etiology ranges from chronic conditions such as osteomalacia to a...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Pre-pandemic disease trajectories and genetic insights into long COVID susceptibility

Long COVID refers to the persistence of symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection. While individual comorbidities have been studied, the role of coexisting chronic conditions remains underexplored. This study invest...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Long-term BMI trajectories and epigenetic age acceleration: the role of genetic risk for obesity

Previous studies reported mixed findings in the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), while none considered long-term trajectory of BMI and individuals’ genetic back...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Iron overload-induced ferroptosis in CD8⁺ T cells leads to functional abnormalities that promote endometriosis progression

Endometriosis (EM) exhibits localised iron overload. However, the contribution of ferroptosis to EM pathogenesis remains unclear. We investigated how iron overload affects CD8⁺ T cell immune function and the u...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Effectiveness of sustained leisure-time physical activity strategies for obesity-related cancer prevention: an emulated target trial in a prospective US cohort

Obesity-related cancers account for 40% of US cancer cases, and their global burden continues to rise. Cancer prevention guidelines recommend 150–300 min of moderate or 75–150 min of vigorous-intensity activit...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Target trial emulation of DPP-4 Inhibitors in patients with T2DM for pulmonary tuberculosis: a nationwide observational data

Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) and negatively affects TB treatment outcomes. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are used in glycemic control but can also modulate i...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Comparing the impact and mechanistic pathways of micro-environmental interventions targeting healthier vs. more environmentally sustainable food options: an overview of reviews

The potential for interventions that target food environments to influence dietary behaviour has been explored for both healthier and more environmentally sustainable diets, but the extent to which health-focu...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant camrelizumab and apatinib combined with chemotherapy in stage IIIA (N2) NSCLC: a multi-center, single-arm, phase II trial

Camrelizumab (an anti-programmed cell death protein-1 antibody) combined with apatinib (an antiangiogenic agent) has conferred benefits for advanced NSCLC. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Improving the school food environment and dietary intake of Dutch primary school students through the provision of a healthy school lunch: results of a pre-posttest effectiveness study

This study aimed to improve the school food environment and dietary intake of Dutch primary school students by providing a healthy school lunch. We investigated (1) how the school lunch affected dietary intake...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Zanubrutinib, lenalidomide and rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone as initial treatment in non–germinal center B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a multi-center phase 2 study by Jiangsu Cooperative Lymphoma Group (JCLG)

Patients with non–germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) often exhibit suboptimal responses to standard rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednison...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Racial and ethnic disparities in childhood cardiovascular health: evidence of the role of social disadvantage from NHANES 2013–2018

The loss of cardiovascular health (CVH)—a strong predictor of future health—begins early in life and disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities. We sought to quantify the contribution of household dis...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Exploring synthetic controls in rare diseases with a proof of concept in spinal cord injury

Successfully completing clinical trials for rare and heterogeneous disorders, like spinal cord injuries (SCI), remains challenging, thereby reducing the ability to test and translate promising preclinical find...

• View Full Text
• View PDF

Treatment experiences, preferences, and expectations for cognitive impairments in long COVID among Chinese young and older adults: a constructivist grounded theory study

Cognitive impairments associated with long COVID disrupt daily functioning and psychological well-being. While increasing research has examined prevalence and mechanisms, little is known about patients’ treatm...

• View Full Text
• View PDF